2U0 



A^aluable storage tank for all purposes that we possess." 

 Filially, Kraemar lias, (luriiig the last year, carried out a 

 series of most elaborate and interesting- experiments in the 

 Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, " with a vi(nv of 

 testing' the efficiency of metallic copper for destroying 

 lyphoid and colon bacilli in water." He Avrites as 

 follows : 



" From the experiments thus far conducted, as well 

 as the results obtained by other writers, the following 

 conclusions may be drawn : 



" 1. (^ertain intestinal l)acleria ]il\e colon and 

 typhoid are completely destroyed l)y placing clean 

 copper foil in Avatci' containing them, oi- by adding the 

 organisms to water previously in conlaci willi copper 

 foil. 



" 'J. The toxicity of water in whicl) either copper 

 coins or copper foil has been added is probably due to 

 a solution of some salt of copper, as first suggested by 

 Niigeli. 



" o. The copper is probably in the form of a 

 crystalloid rather than that of a colloid, as it has the 

 property of permeating the cell walls and organised cell 

 contents of both animals and plants, thereby producing 

 the toxic effects. 



"■ 4. While the cifects produced by the oligo- 

 dynamic action of copper are apparently dilieient from 

 those of true chemical poisons, Ihc difference is 

 probably in degree only, and not in kind. 



" o. Certain lower organisms, including both 

 plants and animals, possess a spccihc sensitiA'eness to 

 minute quantities of copper, and it lias been shown that 

 they arc not restored on transferring them to water free 

 from oligodynamic projierties. 



" (i. Oligodynamic solutions of co})per are 



