R. Rathhun — List of the Brazilian Echvnoderms. 147 



rarely, between the ventral and aclambiilacral rows of spines. On the 

 disk they are about as numerous as upon the dorsal side of the arms. 



The madreporic plate is small, flattened, rather low down between 

 the arms, and surrounded by a row of spines ; it has but few, rather 

 simple convolutions. The openings between the plates, on the inner 

 half of the arm, are rather large ; papulae placed singly. The above 

 description was made from dried specimens. 



This species may be readily distinguished by its very small, simple 

 spines, and proportionately very large pedicellaria? ; the latter often 

 much exceed the former in size. 



Locality : About 30 miles east of Cape Negro, Brazil, lat. 23° 

 20' S., depth 62 fathoms, gravelly bottom. Brought up on the cable 

 by the telegraph steamer " Norseman." 



Echinaster echinophorus (Lam.) Pemer. 



Arch, de Zool. Exper., iv, No. 3, p. 364, 1875. 



Echinaster (OtMlia) crassispina Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., i, p. 368, 1868. 



This species is apparently the most common one of the genus 

 Echinaster on the Brazilian coast. Specimens collected at the 

 Abrolhos Islands in 18V6, agree perfectly with the types of E. 

 crassispina, from the same locality, as described by Prof. Verrill 

 (loc. cit.). The same species also occurs in great abundance at many 

 places in the Bay of Bahia, generally on rocky bottom (Rathbun) ; on 

 the coast of the province of Pernambuco (Bi'auner) ; and near the 

 mouth of the Rio Pai'ahyba do Norte (Br.). It undergoes consider- 

 able variation, at times approaching the next species enumerated in 

 this list, and the study of a large series of specimens might serve to 

 prove the identity of the two species. It is generally found in slight 

 depths of water, and when living is of a very bright red color. Bahia 

 and Rio de Janeiro (Perrier, in the Museum at Paris from Castelneau). 

 It is extremely doubtful if this species occurs at Rio de Janeiro. 



West Indies (Ltitken). North America ; Yucatan ; Centi-al Amer- 

 ica (Perrier). 



Echinaster sentus (Say) Lutken. 



Vidensk. Meddel., p. 284, 1871. 



From the Bay of Bahia, there were procured by the author, in 1876, 

 several specimens of Echinaster, which it is impossible to distinguish 

 from authentic specimens of E. sentus from Florida and the West 

 Indies. This species does not, however, appear to be common at the 

 former locality. A single specimen of this genus, collected at Per- 



TftANs. Conn. Acad., Vol. V. 19 June, 1879. 



