Game Animals of India, etc. 



In the thirteen largest specimens of Salt Range and 

 Baluchi urial horns catalogued by Mr. Rowland Ward, 

 the length along the front curves ranges between 1,2^ 

 and 39^ inches, while the basal girth varies between 8|- 

 and 1 1 inches, six of the specimens measuring less than 

 10 inches. It is true that there is one specimen with 

 a basal circumference of iif inches (the length being 

 3of inches) ; but, speaking generally, it may be 

 affirmed that urial horns are of inferior girth to those 

 of shapo. 



The typical urial occurs in the Salt Range of the 

 Punjab, whence it extends into the Cis-Indus ranges of 

 the Western Punjab and Sind. 



Urial in the Punjab are met with in low hills or on 

 undulating ground deeply intersected with narrow 

 gullies and ravines, usually preferring the scarped hill- 

 sides to bush or jungle. In the Jhelam district much 

 of the ground they frequent consists of reddish coloured 

 rocks, against which their foxy red coats are almost 

 invisible except at very close quarters. Both sexes are 

 commonly seen together, although during summer the 

 old rams separate themselves to a certain extent from 

 the flocks, which may vary in number from as few as 

 three or four to as many as twenty or thirty. In the 

 Punjab the pairing-season takes place in September, and 

 the young, of which there may be either one or two at a 

 birth, are produced about six months later. In many 

 of their habits urial are very like ordinary domesticated 

 sheep, their usual cry being a bleat, while when 

 frightened they utter a shrill whistle and stamp vigorously 

 on the ground with their fore-feet. When the sun 

 shines with its full power on the hill-sides and ravines 

 where they dwell, the heat in summer becomes excessive, 

 and the urial then seek shelter under shady rocks or 

 among the jungle, feeding only in the comparative cool- 

 ness of the mornings and evenings. In the cold season, 

 especially when the sky is cloudy, and probably also 

 during the rains, they may be seen on the move at all 



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