48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA 
Angular blocks are, therefore, mostly the ruins of crumbling cliffs, borne 
on the surface of the glacier and deposited at its toot. Many rownded boulders 
also have a similar origin, having found their way to the bed of the glacier 
through crevasses, or along the sides of the glacier. But most of the rounded 
boulders in the terminal deposit‘of great glaciers are fragments torn off by the 
glacier itself. The proportion of angular to rounded boulders—of upper or 
air-formed to nether or glacier-formed fragments, depends on the depth and 
extent of the ice current In the case of the universal ice-sheet (ice-flood) 
there is, of course, no upper formed or angular blocks at all—there is nothing 
borne on the surface. The moraine, therefore, consists wholly of nether-formed 
and nether-borne severely triturated materials (moraine profonde). The boulders 
are, of course, all rounded. This is one extreme. In the case of the thin 
moving ice-fields—the glacierets still lingering amongst the highest peaks and 
shadiest hollows of the Sierra—on the other hand, the moraines are composed 
wholly of angular blocks. This is the character of the terminal moraine of Mt. 
Lyell glacier, described in my previous paper. These glacierets are too thin and 
feeble and torpid to break off fragments—they can only bear away what falls 
on them. This is the other extreme. But in the case of ordinary glaciers— 
ice streams—the boulders of the terminal deposit are mixed; the angular or 
upper-formed predominating in the small existing gliciers of temperate cli- 
mates, but the rounded, or nether-formed, greatly predominating in the grand 
old glaciers of which we have been speaking. In the terminal deposits of 
these, especially in the materials pushed into the lake, itis somewhat difficult 
to find a boulder which has not been subjected to severe attrition. 
Professor John LeConte described two new pieces of appar- 
atus lately added to that of the University, one for projecting 
microscopic objects, and the other for measuring the force of 
electric currents. 
Dr. Kellogg read a paper on Hops. 
Resolutions expressive of interest in the affairs of the Univer- 
sity, and satisfaction at the advancment made, were adopted. 
President Gilman then addressed the members, after which 
the Academy adjourned to examine the buildings and grounds. 
