ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 191 
and a comparison of types Seems needed to establish its identity. As, however, 
it is reported as straggling to Central Europe (as well as ‘‘Pallassv’’) it might 
much more easily reach Siberia from Alaska, where it appears to go farther 
north than var. ustulatus. The claim of ‘‘ 7’. brunneus’’ Boddeert, 1783, as 
being of this species, seems worthy of further examination. 
I was misled in giving 7’. nanus as the common Summer Thrush of Califor- 
nia, both by its having been given by all previous authors as the only small 
brown thrush found in the State (ustulatus being limited to the north), and by 
Heermann’s positive assertion that it breeds in the oak groves near San Fran- 
cisco, where I am now satisfied that only ustulatus spends the summer. I have 
since found the latter breeding as far south as lat. 35° at least, and probably 
to lat. 33°, There they are more olive than at the Columbia, approaching var. 
** Swainsoni,’? and are also smaller,-as might be expected. This southern 
residence suggests that the Mississippi valley summer thrush of Audubon, 
and Wilson’s Georgia birds, with similar nest and eggs, are the var. ‘‘ Swain- 
soni,’’ these authors not recognizing its distinctness from var. ‘‘ Pallassi.’’ 
Our bird does not reach California from the south before April 15th, and 
leaves during September, thus supplementing the winter residence of 7’. nanus 
so fully, that they are easily mistaken for one species, more noisy and con- 
spicuous in summer, their upper plumage being nearly the same in California.* 
* The following measurements taken by me from fresh birds now preserved in the 
Smithsonian Institution, the State Museum of California, and my own collection, show 
that there is such a gradation in size between specimens of the two species collected in 
diferent latitudes, that no difference is noticeable in living birds at gunshot distance. The 
older specimens are recorded in P. R. Rep. IX, 213, 215, etc. 
SPECIES. Looaurry. DatTE. Sex. | LENGTH.) EXTENT.| WING. Cat. No. 
eet —— iso Re A eS i ee 
T. ustulatus|Wash. Terr..... May 31, 1854) + a? 8.00 12.25 Sat? SEL, SL TL vs.) 
« G See es nsieis Spat Ge p? 7.25 11.75, se? Ags P later 
ce Saticoy, Cal... Sept. 7, 1873 fof 7.00 12).25 4.15 |J.G.C.1559. 
we “s « ...-|May 6, 1874] <Y! TOOK aM 11. 40m eeSaToy liu’ “@ 
T.nanus |St. Clara, Cal... INov.18, 1855 ate 7.00 10.50 3.30? |S. 1. 4483.... 
se ce flocs eas UY be ERED 2 6.50 9.25 Cee 4 hs! O94 ore 
Me Ft. Mojave, Cal.' Jan. 25, 1861 rot 6 50 10.50 8.35 |J.G.C. 64.. 
« Saticoy, Cal... - Nov. 7, 1873} 9 6.50 | 10.40 | 3.35 sei teeter. 
+ The sex of two is surmised on difference of size. The wings were not measured in 
these two. The wing of all the 8.I. birdsis given as above from Baird’s average. 
+ The two first were young of the year. 
It appears from Mr. Henshaw’s measurements, in his report for 1873, that Arizona speci- 
mens of 7. nanus average smaller, and he remarks on the contrast in size between them 
and var. Audubonit, as seen in Colorado. much larger than 7. ustulatus. 
