ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 195 
C. psanrrra—-Arkansas Goldfinch—p. 168. This also, builds plentifully 
about Haywood, and the nests are not distinguishable, except in smaller size, 
from those of C. tristis, but built much earlier. Some were begun by March 
Ist, but finished slowly, only being worked upon when the day was warm. 
One was built in a rose-bush, not over four feet from the ground and close to 
the path, where we often looked at the female sitting on four eggs, which 
hatched in 12 days. The eggs here differ somuch from those of C. tristis, that 
I doubt whether Dr. Brewer ever saw authentic specimens, they being much 
more bluish and less pointed in several nests which I compared, though one 
set was nearly white. I saw the first fledged young being fed by the parents, 
as early as April 30th. The males often breed in the same dull plumage as 
the females, and are all much less brightly colored in summer than in winter. 
Some of them at that season look almost black enough above for var. Arizone. 
Their flight is not undulating, like that of C. tristis, but with a weak flutter- 
ing motion of the wings: nor do they have a flying song, like that species. 
In March and April, these birds join with most of the other smaller birds in 
feeding on the caterpillars, which then swarm so thickly on the oaks as to de- 
stroy every one of the first growth of leaves. Though a new growth succeeds, 
there are some trees kept bare the whole summer, or stripped by successive . 
broods of caterpillars. 
C. Lawrenctr—Lawrence’s Goldfinch—p. 171. I have recently seen this 
species near San Francisco in winter very rarely, and I did not see any at Santa 
Cruz or Monterey even in summer. They reach S. F. Bay in large numbers 
after March 20th,’and scatter through the oak-groves in pairs, building early 
in April, chiefly in low branches of the live-oaks. Recently, some have be- 
gun to build in gardens, chiefly in cypress and other evergreen trees, where I 
found several nests. The eggs I find more elongated than those of C. psaltria, 
being 0.65 by 0.48 inch, and pure white. They were hatched in about 12 days, 
and in 12 more the young left the nest, following the parents with the same 
ery of ‘‘she-veet ’’ as those of C. tristis, but as with C. psaltria, the flight of 
adults is without ery or undulations. 
C. Prnus—Pine Goldfinch—p. 172. In 1874, I found that this bird is a 
summer resident in the cool foggy pine woods near Monterey, probably the 
only point suited for it at that season south of lat. 40° on this coast. I saw 
them there, building a rest in a high pine, in June. They come about San 
Francisco and Santa Cruz in small numbers in winter, and I shot one at 
Haywood as late as April 10th, 1875, where a few were with other species feed- 
ing on the caterpillars which then swarmed on the oaks. There are no con- 
iferous forests about this place to attract them. They fly so much like C. 
tristis as to be easily mistaken for them in winter, but the only species that 
has the peculiar sharp note like ‘‘svéer”’ uttered by this species, is C. Law- 
rencii, which is also much hoarser in its song than the others. 
PasseRcunus SanpwicHensis—Alaska Sparrow—p. 180. Although late au- 
thors have made this a variety of P. savanna, it must claim the typical place 
by right of priority, while ‘‘ Emberiza arctica’? Latham 1790, may prove 
to be founded on the more eastern ‘‘ P, princeps’’ Maynard 1874. ‘“‘E. 
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