WOODWARD: PROFESSOR SIR RICHARD OWEN, K.C.B. 105 



and the latter the Squids, Cuttles, Calamaries, Belemnites, Spirilla, 

 and Argonauts, has been maintained to the present day, and clearly 

 proves how keen was Owen's insight in fixing on the vital characters 

 of any group. Prof. Owen's researches on the Brachiopoda were 

 almost equally important with those on the Cephalopoda, and many 

 of the orders which he founded have been widely accepted by 

 other subsequent workers. 



Prof. Owen described the anatomy of the " club shell " ( Ciavagella), 

 and showed that the great development of its mantle was an instru- 

 ment capable of aiding the mollusc in the work of burrowing. 



In 1837, he examined the structure of the shell of the " Water- 

 Spondylus," and pointed out that the rudely and irregularly- camerated 

 structure of its shell offered, in its mode of growth, an analogy 

 with the chambered shell of the Nautilus, which, like many other 

 molluscs, partitions off the disused portion of its dwelling when not 

 required for the accommodation of its soft parts. By this observa- 

 tion Owen brought the growth of Mulluscan shells into close 

 relation, and showed that there is a common character in them all. 



One of Owen's most valuable correlations was that of the fibrous 

 hood of the Nautilus (composed of the conjoined pair of dorsal 

 arms — which are also the shell-secreting arms in the Argonaut !) 

 with the conjoined calcareous opercular valves, or aptychi of the 

 Ammonite. This was proved beyond a doubt by Dr. S. P. 

 Woodward, in i860 (see " Ceologist," vol. hi., p. 328) by the 

 discovery of an example of Ammonites subradiatus with the 

 operculum in situ, exactly fitting the aperture of the shell. 



■ In 1856 Owen resigned his connection of twenty years' standing 

 with the Royal College of Surgeons in Lincoln's Inn Fields and 

 entered upon the position of Superintendent of the Natural History 

 Departments of the British Museum, to which he had been appointed 

 by Parliament. Here he continued his former scientific researches, 

 and added largely to, his pakeontological memoirs*. The most 

 valuable of these (to the general reader) was his article 

 "Palaeontology" in the "Encyclopaedia Britannicae" (8th edition, 

 1S60), afterwards printed as a separate volume, and reaching 

 a second edition in 1861. [It is only right, however, to state that 

 Part I., " Invertebrata " is from the pen of the late Dr. S. P. 

 Woodward, F.G.S. (author of the " Manual of the Mollusca"), who 

 wrote the entire original article and drew the illustrations for the 

 same, but in the second edition, passages have been added by 



The Royal Society's list of scientific papers gives the titles of 360 separate papers by Owen 

 (not Ins works). 



