°SQ3 J Dwight, Summer Birds of Prince Edxvard Island, t 



nous dead stubs of the northern landscape. Prince Edward 

 Island is, however, remarkably free from such tracts, having passed 

 this period of primitive civilization. One way of clearing land, 

 especially if it is covered with second-growth spruce, is to cut 

 down everything and then let fire do its work when the brush is a 

 little dry, so it is no wonder forest fires are easily started. After fire 

 has swept through a clearing, raspberry bushes (R. strigosus) 

 and the willow-herb or 'fire weed' {Epilobhun angustifolitini) 

 are certain to spring up, although apparently there may have 

 been none for miles, coarse ferns soon multiply, and in time the 

 old stumps and fallen, half-charred logs are covered with mosses 

 and lichens, while the ground, if not cultivated, is soon hidden by 

 many sorts of plants and grasses. In such spots the White- 

 throated Sparrow and the Slate-colored Junco find their favorite 

 haunts, and here the Hermit Thrush makes its nest near the 

 edge of the woods, and sings from some favorite tree. Perhaps 

 an Olive-sided Flycatcher may be heard whistling from the top 

 of the tallest dead tree to be found in or near the clearing, or a 

 Wood Pewee may wander out from a bit of open woods of mixed 

 growth near by, where also maybe heard a Panda Warbler or a 

 Red-eyed Vireo. If maples, birches, and beeches predominate, 

 Ovenbirds will be found, and the larger the growth the more 

 probability there is of finding the Black-throated Blue Warbler. 

 The Winter Wren and the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher abide in the 

 dense evergreen woods along mossy brooks where few other birds 

 disturb the quiet, save perhaps wandering Warblers or Thrushes. 

 In clearings grown up with small spruces Magnolia Warblers 

 always abound, and if these trees are of considerable size there 

 are sure to be Olive-backed Thrushes, Black-throated Green 

 and Myrtle Warblers. The Nashville Warbler is usually found 

 in the detached, ragged bits of mixed woods, which the Mag- 

 nolia and Myrtle Warblers also frequent, together with Redstarts 

 and Thrushes. Such in brief are some of the characteristic birds 

 of the woods, and such their favorite haunts, though their tastes 

 of course may vary and some, such as the Hudsonian and Black- 

 capped Chickadees, the Woodpeckers, and the Golden-crowned 

 Kinglets, are almost sure to be found in unexpected places. 



Then there are damp bushy tracts where the bushes may be 

 waist high and an occasional arbor vitae or larch rises above the 

 smaller growth. Here one may seek Canadian and Wilson's 



