°8o3 J Todd, Birds of Indiana and Clearfield Counties:, Pa. 'IC 



1876, May 20. — First birds shot, best shooting on the 26th. 



1877, Sept. 28.— Shot one on Nantucket Island, Mass. 

 1884, Aug. 25. — Shot two on Nantucket Island. 



1891, about Aug. 20. — Twenty shot on Tuckernuck Island, Mass. 



1891, Sept. 7. — Quite a flight of young birds passed Essex, Mass. ; wind 

 northeast with rain, storming hard. 



1892, May 11. — Tuckernuck Island, first birds seen (three). June 1, 

 seven seen (adults). Aug. 2, Muskeget Island, Mass., I saw eight Knots, 

 and shot one which had some red feathers on the breast, and was very 

 fat. Aug. 3, Muskeget Island, saw one, with an apparently full red 

 breast, but failed to'secure it. 



SUMMER BIRDS OF INDIANA AND CLEARFIELD 

 COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. 



BY W. E. CLYDE TODD. 



When we come to examine and compare the summer birds 

 of Beaver, in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, with those found at 

 that season in the Buffalo Creek region of Butler and Armstrong 

 Counties, about forty miles directly to the eastward, a striking 

 difference at once becomes apparent. This difference consists in 

 the entire absence or rarity in the latter locality of a number of 

 more or less typical Carolinian species which are characteristic 

 birds at Beaver, and in the infusion instead of certain Allegha- 

 nian and Canadian forms. As might be expected, there is a cor- 

 responding difference in the flora of the respective sections, which 

 is especially marked in the character of the forest, coniferous trees 

 of three species, — white pine (Pinus strobus), pitch pine (Pinus 

 rigida), and hemlock (Tstega canadensis), — which are rather 

 local and not common in Beaver County, predominating in the 

 other locality. But it is to be observed that this preponderance 

 of conifers exists only in the vicinity of streams, the higher upland 

 forests differing little, if at all, from those of like situation in 

 Beaver County, though here and there a solitary conifer may be 

 found. 



In order to investigate the country still farther to the eastward, 

 in Indiana County, I spent four days, June 22 to 25, 1892, in this 



