v °l" X l Todd, Birds of Indiana and Clearfield Counties, Pa. "5*7 



were abundant, but outside of which they were not found at all. 

 Several other species were more or less common also in such 

 situations. 



The high hills in which Chestnut Ridge terminates are clothed 

 from base to summit with a deciduous forest, of which oaks of sev- 

 eral species and chestnuts are the most prominent trees. The 

 latter seemed to be more abundant near and on the summit than 

 lower down. Black-throated Green Warblers were numerous 

 throughout this woodland, where about the only other birds 

 found to any extent were the Red-eyed Vireo, Golden-crowned 

 Thrush, Black-and-white Warbler, Wood Thrush, and White- 

 breasted Nuthatch, but none of these were nearly so common as 

 the species which were confined to the hemlocks. ^ At some 

 points, where the original forest had been cut and second-growth 

 and tracts of bushes and scrub had taken its place, the Chestnut- 

 sided Warbler, Yellow-breasted Chat, Brown Thrasher, and 

 Catbird were found, as well as a single individual of the Ceru- 

 lean Warbler, which species was otherwise observed only in the 

 open woods of the uplands outside of Chestnut Ridge. The 

 cultivated districts were found almost altogether in these uplands, 

 the birds of whose orchards, fields, and woods did not differ 

 materially from those found in like situations in Beaver County. 



In considering the faunal relations of the locality, we find that 

 three species occur which are usually considered to belong to the 

 Canadian Fauna, namely, Dendroica ccerulescens , Dendroica 

 maculosa, and Dendroica blackburnice . It is a noteworthy fact 

 that all these birds, which are abundant here in suitable situa- 

 tions, are rather uncommon in the Buffalo Creek region, while on 

 the other hand two of the common relatively northern species of 

 this latter locality — Sylvania canadensis and Tnrdusfuscescens 

 — are here apparently altogether wanting. 



Five species were found whose breeding range to the southward 

 is limited to the Alleghanian Fauna : Empidotiax minimus, 

 Helminthophila chrysoptera, Dendroica pensylvanica, Den- 

 droica virens, and Parus atricapillus. 



Ten species were observed whose breeding range to the 

 northward is likewise limited to the Alleghanian Fauna : 

 Colinus virginianus, Antrostom?is vociferus, Sturnella magna, 

 Icterus galbula, Ammodramus savannarum passerinus, 

 Pipilo crythrophthahjius, Piranga erythromelas, Galeoscoptes 

 carolinensis, Harporhynchus rufus, and Turdus mustelinus. 



