^8 Todd, Birds of Indiana and Clearfield Counties, Pa. | j^ n 



The six following more or less typical Carolinian species were 

 found : Ezrzpidorzax acadz'cus, Cardinalis cardz'na/z's, Den- 

 droica ccerulea, Sezurus motaczlla, Icteria virens, and Parzis 

 bz color. 



It is to be remarked that the three species constituting the Cana- 

 dian element are not the most typical of that fauna, 1 and further- 

 more that they are wholly confined to the deep hemlock wood- 

 land of the creek bottoms, the coolness of whose forest shade 

 seems to become the equivalent of a higher altitude, as another 

 writer has recently remarked. 



It is, moreover, to be observed that only a few typical Carolinian 

 forms occur, while the Alleghanian element is the most promi- 

 nent as to number of species. On the whole, consideration of the 

 above facts seems to bear out the conclusion that this region 

 belongs to the Alleghanian Fauna, with, on the one hand, a slight 

 tinge of lower Canadian forms where local conditions are favor- 

 able for their existence, and on the other a very considerable 

 Carolinian element. Compared with the Buffalo Creek region it 

 seems to be somewhat more southerly (in a faunal sense) , since 

 the relatively northern birds are more local in their distribution 

 and are fewer, in number of species, though represented by a 

 greater number of individuals. 



But one paper containing any information on the birds of Chest- 

 nut Ridge has so far been published (that by Mr. C. H. Townsend 

 in the Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural 

 Sciences for 1883, pages 59 to 68), and this information is so 

 meagre as to be practically valueless for comparison. Of the 

 birds of the country between Chestnut Ridge and the main Alle- 

 ghany Mountains, including Laurel Hill, we know nothing as 

 yet. 



Sixty-five species were observed during my stay, of which the 

 following is a list. 



Actitis macularia. — Common at certain favorable points along Two 

 Lick Creek, but observed also about marshy spots in the upland. 



Colinus virginianus. — Quite abundant in the upland meadows and grain 

 fields. 



Bonasa umbellus — Met with but once, in the laurel and rhododendron 

 thicket of Yellow Creek bottom. 



1 Cf. Allen, in Stone, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1891, 433, foot-note. 



