42 Todd, Birds of Indiana and Clearfield Counties, Pa. | an _ 



ately to. the west, and extending for some distance into Indiana 

 County. My notes were all made in the vicinity of Coalport, a 

 mining town near the southern border of the county. This 

 point was chosen because of its intermediate position with refer- 

 ence to Cresson on the one hand, whose summer birds Mr. 

 Dwight has studied, x and DuBois, in the extreme northwestern 

 part of Clearfield County, on the other hand, of whose breeding 

 birds the Department of Agriculture possesses a very full and 

 interesting manuscript list, compiled by Dr. Walter Van Fleet. 

 This list includes nearly all the relatively northern species given 

 by Mr. Dwight, as well as several others which he did not find, 

 and, taken in connection with the present paper, goes to prove the 

 correctness of Mr. Dwight's surmise that "much of northern and 

 western Pennsylvania is at an altitude which, when combined 

 with forest, cannot fail to attract birds of the Canadian avifauna.'' 

 The influence of the character of the forest upon the distribution 

 of birds was illustrated at Coalport where the extension of coni- 

 ferous forest to the uplands was accompanied by a corresponding 

 increase in the number and abundance of northern birds. These 

 woods, composed almost wholly of Pinus strobus and Tsuga 

 canadensis, w ere found on the hilltops and in the bottoms. Pinus 

 rigida was not observed. The red-berried elder (Sambucus 

 pzibens) was another abundant and characteristic plant there, 

 forming thickets at favorable points. 



The country surrounding Coalport, like most of western 

 Pennsylvania, is of a broken, hilly nature, intersected by numer- 

 ous small streams. My collecting was mostly done in a tract of 

 upland woods lying on both sides of one of these streams, where 

 the s.lope was not steep. It was second-growth for the larger 

 part, and in places quite bushy, though the numerous cattle- 

 paths which penetrated it in all directions rendered progress 

 through it quite easy. This proved to be a favorite place for 

 Blue Yellow-backed, Black-throated Blue, Black-and-yellow, 

 Blackburnian, Black-throated Green, and Canadian, Warblers, 

 all conspicuously musical. Here, too, Hermit Thrushes were 

 most numerous, and Snowbirds were frequently met with, as well 

 as the only Winter Wren noticed. Several pairs of Chestnut- 

 sided Warblers were found here also, but they were not half so 

 common as the other Warblers mentioned. 



1 Auk, IX, 1892, 129-141. 



