Vol. XT 

 1893 J 



Allen, Origin and Distribution of N. A. Birds. 



I23 



The exact limits of the breeding ranges of our arctic and sub- 

 arctic birds is still very imperfectly known. Of the following 

 list of So species and subspecies, a few doubtless range in the 

 breeding season somewhat below the southern boundary of the 

 Arctic, but for the most part they may be considered as distinc- 

 tively characteristic of the Arctic fauna. A large proportion of 

 them are either strictly circumpolar, or are represented in Eurasia 

 by closely allied species or subspecies. 



Distinctively Arctic. 



(Those marked with a * are apparently confined mainly or wholly to 

 the Eastern Arctic or Barren Ground Fauna; those marked with a f are 

 Western or Alaskan Arctic; those with no sign prefixed are of general 

 distribution, by far the greater part being circumpolar.) 



f Urinator adamsi 

 Urinator arcticus 



t Urinator pacificus 

 Fratercula arctica glacialis 

 Cepphus mandtii 

 Stercorarius pomarinus 

 Stercorarius parasiticus 

 Stercorarius longicaudus 

 Gavia alba 



t Rissa tridactyla pollicaris 



t Rissa brevirostris 



* Larus glaucus 



t Larus barrovianus 



Larus leucopterus 



t Larus glaucescens 



* Larus kumlieni 

 f Larus nelsoni 



* Larus marinus 



t Larus schistisagus 



Rhodostethia rosea 



Xema sabinii 

 t Sterna aleutica 



Fulmarus glacialis 

 f Fulmarus g. glupischa 

 t Phalacrocorax pelagicus 

 t Phalacrocorax urile 

 t ? Eniconetta stelleri 

 t Arctonetta fischeri 



* Somateria borealis 



f Somateria v-nigra 

 Somateria spectabilis 

 Oidemia americana 

 Chen hyperborea 

 Chen rossii 

 Anser albifrons gambeli 



t Philacte canagica 

 Olor columbianus 

 Crymophilus fulicarius 

 Phalaropus lobatus 

 Tringa canutus 



* Tringa maritima 

 f Tringa couesi 



t Tringa ptilocnemis 



t Tringa acuminata 



Tringa maculata 



* Tringa fuscicollis 

 t Tringa bairdii 



Tringa alpina pacifica 



* Ereunetes pusillus 



f Ereunetes occidentalis 

 Calidris arenaria 

 Limosa hasmastica 

 f Limosa lapponica baueri 

 t Heteractitis incanus 

 Numenius hudsonicus 

 Numenius borealis 

 Charadrius squatarola 

 Charadrius dominicus 



