344 



Recent Literature. 



TAuk 

 |_Oct. 



Existing Species. 



vEchmophorus occidentalis 



Colymbus holbcelli 



Colymbus auritus 



Podilymbus podiceps 



Larus argentatus smithsonianus 



Larus californicus? 



Larus Philadelphia 



Xema sabinii 



Sterna elegans? 



Sterna forsteri ? 



Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis 



Pelecanus erythrorhynchos 



Lophodytes cucullatus 



Anas boschas 



Anas americana 



Anas carolinensis 



Anas discors 



Anas cyanoptera? 



Spatula clvpeata 



Dafila acuta 



Aix sponsa 



Aythya marila nearctica? 



Glaucionetta islandica 



Clangula hyemalis 



Branta canadensis 



Anser albifrons gambeli 



Chen hyperborea 



Fulica americana 



Phalaropus lobatus 



Tympanuchus pallidicinctus 



Pediocstes phasianellus columbi- 



anus. 

 Bubo virginianus. 



Extinct Species. 



Larus robustus, sp. nov. 

 Larus oregonus, sp. nov. 

 Phalacrocorax macropus (Cope) 

 Anser condoni, sp. nov. 

 Branta hypsibatus Cope 

 Branta propinqua, sp. nov. 

 Olor paloregonus (Cope) 

 Phcenicopterus copei, sp. nov. 

 Ardea paloccidentalis, sp. nov. 



Fulica minor, sp. nov. 

 Pediocasles lucasi, sp. nov. 

 Pediocsetes nanus, sp. nov. 

 Palseotetrix gilli, gen. et sp. nov. 

 Aquila pliogryps, sp. nov. 

 Aquila sodalis, sp. nov. 

 Scolocophagus affinis, sp. nov. 

 Corvus annectens, sp. nov. 



It thus appears that the bird life of this region in Pliocene time was 

 not so very different from that of the same area today. As Dr. Shufeldt 

 observes: "Great flocks of Swans, Geese and Ducks were there, feeding 

 on the marshy shores of the lake or disporting themselves upon its waters. 

 With but few exceptions they were of modern genera and species. A 

 ponderous Goose appeared among them, perhaps but sparingly during 

 Pliocene time, for it must have been nearly extinct. And a Swan, too, 

 whose race has since died out was also there, but it was of a size quite 

 in keeping with present day Swans. . . . To these groups we must add 

 many individuals of a species of a great, strange Cormorant (P. macro- 

 pus), larger than any of our existing Comorants. . . . But the strangest 

 figure upon the scene among the birds was a true Flamingo. It could 

 not have been very abundant, for it has left but scanty remains. Still it 

 was there, and its presence has its meaning, — it may even suggest ideas 



