260 Trotter, R'alm's Ornitholo<riral Obscrvatiotis. f ^^}- 



* L July 



erly built them in great hollow trees. This opinion was adopted 

 by Mr. Bartram [the elder Bertram — John Bartram, the first 

 American botanist and correspondent of Linnasus], and many 

 others here. Catesby has described the Chimney Sivallow and 

 figured it, and Dr. Lhmceus calls it Hiiundo Pelasgia. 



"The Gf-ound Swallows ox Sand Martins, {Linn>2us's Hirtindo 

 riparia) are to be met with everywhere in America; they make 

 their nests in the ground on the steep shores of rivers and lakes. 



" The Puiple Martins have likewise been described and drawn 

 in their natural colours by Catesby. Dr. Linmeus likewise calls 

 them Hirundo purpurea. They are less common here than the 

 former species; I have seen in several places little houses made of 

 boards, and fixed on the outside of the walls, on purpose that 

 these Martins may make their nests in them ; for the people are 

 very desirous of having them near their houses, because they both 

 drive away hawks and crows as soon as they see them, and alarm 

 the poultry by their anxious note, of the approach of their ene- 

 mies. The chickens are likewise used to run under shelter, as 

 soon as they are warned by the Martins." (Eng. Trans. II, pp. 

 140-148.) 



Probably half a century before Kalm wrote the Swifts, the 

 Martins, and the Barn Swallows had forsaken the rock ledge and 

 hollow tree to cast in their lot with the settlers, doubtless remind- 

 ing many a sad heart of — 



"The swallow twitt'ring from the straw-built shed," 

 in the old homes across the sea. 



Mockingbird. — While journeying to New York, at a point not 

 far from Philadelphia, Kalm entered a note in his journal, under 

 date of October 27, 1748, from which the following passage is 

 taken. "At one of the places where we stopt to have our horses 

 fed, the people had a Mocking-bird in a cage ; and it is here reck- 

 oned the best singing-bird, though its plumage is very simple, and 

 not showy at all. At this time of the year it does not sing. 

 Linm^us calls it Turdus polyglottos, and Catesby in his Natural 

 History of Carolina, Vol. I, p. 27, tab. 27, has likewise described 

 and drawn this bird. The people said that it built its nests in the 

 bushes and trees, but is so shy, that if anybody come and look at 

 its eggs, it leaves the nest, never to come to it again." (Eng. 

 Trans., I, pp. 217-219). 



