Coal Measures of Eastern Kentucky. 19 



after reaching the summit at the head of Rough Rock Creek 

 (a tributary of the former) has a descending grade eastward 

 of fifty feet to the mile. 



In the first five miles, the limestone, which at Mount Ver- 

 non is 250 feet above the grade, has at Pine Hill descended 

 to the grade, and even below it. 



At Pine Hill is the first workable coal. The coal measures 

 here rest upon the sub-carboniferous limestone without the 

 intervention of the conglomerate. 



Immediately across the first intervening valley the lime- 

 stone rises above the grade of the railroad 30 feet ; and piled 

 upon it are some eighty or ninety feet of coarse siliceous 

 conglomerate, reaching to the tops of the high hills bordering 

 the railroad. Here, at the 136th mile post, is an anticlinal. 

 The eastward dip of the limestone is 2£°, and the westward 

 dip 50° ; and through it are cut two tunnels. 



Passing on eastward to the 137th mile post, the limestone 

 has sunk beneath the railroad, and the conglomerate is at the 

 grade. Haifa mile farther, the conglomerate is replaced in 

 part by sandstone. 



At the 138th mile-post, and at the first crossing of Rough 

 Rock Creek, the limestone is in the bed of the creek ; over 

 it are ten to twelve feet of sandstone, then thirty to forty 

 feet of black and purple shale, with a few feet of sandstone ; 

 and over these, coal measures. The lower vein of coal 

 appears a little farther on, in the left bank of the stream. 



At the 139th mile post, sandstone replaces the colored 

 shales ; but in the distance of a few rods they come in again 

 and continue to Livingstone, where sandstone appears with 

 thin conglomerate bands, in place of the large volume of 

 conglomerate. 



At the termination of the railroad, a few rods beyond the 

 depot, sands and pebbles begin to be cemented with lime ; 

 and at Goodin's Mine, limestone for ninety feet replaces the 

 conglomerate. 



