BIRDS IN RELATION TO LEPIDOPTERA. 37 



bright-tinted Zygcena filipendulce was to be seen in all directions, 

 while Macroglossa stellatai'um now and then paid a brief visit, 

 sometimes, but not always, darting off unharmed. One specimen 

 only of Odontia dentalis turned up, but Stenia punctalis proved 

 fairly abundant, especially in an old quarry near the Convalescent 

 Hospital, where we also obtained a large number of Acidalia 

 intcrjectaria. Botys fiavalis appeared only a few days before we 

 left, but seemed to be pretty common a little to the east of the 

 coast-guard station, where also Pyrausta ostrinalis abounded in 

 fine condition ; and, a little nearer to the cliffs, the same remark 

 will apply to Herbula cespitalis. In fact, it was amongst the 

 Pyralides and Deltoides, on the whole, that we fared best, as, in 

 addition to those already named, we took at Abbot's Wood good 

 series of Endotricha flammealis, Ebidea crocealis, and Rivula 

 sericealis, with a few specimens of Herminia derivalis, Hypenodes 

 albistrigalis, and Pionea stramentalis ; and a couple of Mr. 

 Barrett's new addition to our list, E. stachydalis. 



Mr. Fox had arranged to leave on the 19th, and, as we were 

 doing so little, I returned at the same time, though I had 

 originally intended to remain for another week ; and I am afraid 

 that the results of our visit will appear somewhat meagre ; 

 but the season was undeniably a bad one, and only a large 

 amount of sheer hard work would have availed to obtain even 

 what we did. Still, on the whole, I am by no means dissatisfied 

 with my southern trip in 1883. 



The Soho, Burton-on-Trent, January 3, 1884. 



BIRDS IN RELATION TO LEPIDOPTERA. 

 By Fred. W. Frohawk. 



The question of the scarcity of Lepidoptera has engaged the 

 attention of collectors for some time past, and to account for 

 such scarcity many good reasons have been put forward. 



One of the principal causes of such scarcity, not only among 

 Lepidoptera, but among insects in general, I quite think is due 

 to the greatly increasing numbers of one of their greatest 

 enemies, viz., birds, the country now in most parts abounding 



