98 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



being the single indigenous British species. Again, cassiope and 

 blandina are the only British representatives of the large genus 

 Erebia, butterflies of uniform and monotonous coloration also, 

 whose species (often inconstant among themselves in marking) 

 graduate one into the other by very slight distinctions. The 

 under side of the hind wings of ligea has a wavy streak of white 

 running from the costa to the central area of the wing, where it 

 terminates in a whitish angle, which angle only is preserved in 

 the centre of the hind wings of occasional specimens of euryale, 

 while the costal portion is represented and retained in a modified 

 form in neoridas and medea. A similar and parallel case was 

 pointed out as existing in the genus Ccenonympha, where an 

 irregular pale band on the under side of the hind wings varies 

 greatly in delineation from davus, of the Scotch type, to 

 philoxenus frotliliebiij, and is fragmentarily reproduced in the 

 ordinary British type of pamphilus, which, however, in the South 

 European form, var. lyllus, shows the band almost continuous 

 from costa to inner margin, and exhibits well-marked though 

 small marginal ocelli. 



Another remarkable phenomenon was also referred to, 

 namely, what the author called topographical characters, such 

 as that remarkable configuration of wing observed by Mr. Wallace 

 among the Pieridse and Papilionidse of the Isle of Celebes ; 

 thirteen out of fourteen of the latter, and ten of the former, 

 having either the strange elbow in the costa or the extremely 

 pointed and hooked apex, which is not to be found in any of the 

 most approximate species existing in the neighbouring islands of 

 the Malay Archipelago or elsewhere. 



Another example was pointed out, namely, the white 

 neuration of the under wings of no less than six species belonging 

 to four genera of South Russian Bhopalocera. These similar 

 peculiarities seem to suggest a similar derivation. 



The remainder of the paper was directed to such variation 

 as is at present progressing, and these were classed in two 

 categories — those which were temporary though recurrent, or 

 persistent and hereditaiy, namely, aberrations and varieties. 



Cases of sexual dimorphism, such as Argynnis papliia, ab. 

 female v'alezina, were referred to, where the sexual tendency to a 

 more sombre colour than that of the male was developed 

 excessively, producing this extreme form. The physiological 



