LYOENA ARGIOLUS AND L. PSEUDARGIOLUS COMPARED. 195 



cannot detect any differences in the males which appear at these 

 two periods ; but with regard to the females the case is widely 

 different. 



The spring form only of the female is figured by Stainton 

 in his 'Manual,' by Newman in his 'British Butterflies,' and by 

 Lang in the 'Butterflies of Europe'; the description of the 

 female given by the latter author agrees more with that of the 

 autumn emergence. 



The female of the spring emergence has been accurately 

 described by Newman, 'British Butterflies,' p. 135, thus: — "In 

 the female there is a broad hind-marginal black band on the fore 

 wings, and a narrow black hind-marginal border on the hind 

 wings, and just within this is a series of six transversely oblong 

 black spots." It is clear to my mind that my late dear friend 

 had a female of the spring emergence only before him when he 

 wrote this excellent description. 



The females of the spring emergence closely resemble the 

 figure of L. marginata, given by Edwards in ' Butterflies of North 

 America,' vol. ii., — Lyccena, ii., fig. 4, — but are lighter on the 

 under sides of the wings than fig. 3 of the same plate, which 

 shows the under side of the same variety. 



The females of the autumn emergence are very much more 

 suffused with black. It may be said that those of the first 

 generation are blue on the upper side of the fore wings, with a 

 black hind margin ; but the females of the second generation are 

 black on the upper side of the fore wings, with the centre of the 

 wings suffused with blue. 



Although, as I remarked before, Dr. Lang in the ' Butterflies 

 of Europe,' plate xxxi., fig. 1, has figured the female of the spring 

 emergence, his description is apparently taken from a female of 

 the autumn emergence, as known in England. His words are : — 

 " The female has the outer half of the costa and all the hind 

 margins of the fore wings broadly brownish black; the hind 

 wings are similarly brownish black on the costa ; sometimes the 

 hind margin is also dark brown, and always a row of black 

 dots." The specimen from which this description was taken 

 must, I think, have been one of the second generation. I may 

 add that generally the females of this emergence have a more or 

 less well-defined black discoidal spot on the upper side of the 

 fore wings, and agree very closely with L. pseudargiolus, figured 



