Reviews. 263 



showing its distribution are devoted to it. It appears that this 

 pest was unnoticed until 1779, since which year it has spread to 

 such an extent that the cultivation of wheat in the New England 

 States was abandoned about twenty years ago, on account of the 

 ravages of this fly and the wheat midge. Its present range 

 appears to embrace all the United States north of the 35th 

 parallel of latitude and east of the 93rd meridian. 



These reports must be of the greatest use to the intelligent 

 farmers of the States, as they not only describe their natural 

 enemies, but give valuable suggestions for the reduction of the 

 numbers of these pests or their actual extermination. — J. T. C. 



The Butterflies of Maine. By C. H. Fernald, A.M. 104 pp. 



Augusta, 1884. 



An addition to the title-page of this work explains that it is 

 " designed for the use of the students of the Maine State College, 

 and the farmers of the State." It is illustrated with somewhat 

 unsatisfactory woodcuts, representing types of genera, which are 

 frequently accompanied by cuts of the ovum, larva, and pupa of 

 the species under consideration. Mr. Fernald has evidently 

 taken great pains to so present the subject to his readers as to 

 make it lucid and easily grasped, in which object he has quite 

 succeeded. Any person, no matter how completely ignorant of 

 insects, after mastering his very terse, yet lucid, introduction 

 of less than a dozen pages, cannot fail to learn enough to form 

 a foundation of knowledge for future successful study. 



There appear to have been sixty-nine species of the Diurni 

 in Maine, a schedule of which is given at the commencement of 

 the work, with scientific and trivial names. Among the latter 

 are some which are characteristic of our American cousins ; for 

 instance — Vanessa antiopa is known in Maine as the " Mourning 

 Cloak," and Pcmphila zabulon as the " Mormon." We ought to 

 add that this list is evidently only intended for reference, as such 

 names do not appear in the body of the work, which is throughout 

 most carefully compiled, and constructed on thoroughly scientific 

 lines.— J. T. C. 



