242 The Upper Goal Measures 



grained and contains numerous coaly spots, evidently eroded 

 coal. The coal from this locality is coked and tests have 

 been made at Wheeling to determine its value in iron-making. 

 It proves to be too impure for use even when mixed with 

 thrice its bulk of Connellsville coke. It is, however, much 

 more compact than that coke, and if it could be cleaned 

 by washing would undoubtedly be employed in preference. 

 Along the base of Laurel Hill (Chestnut Hill, of Pennsyl- 

 vania Reports) , from Fairmont to the junction of Cheat and 

 Monongahela rivers we find the coal always single-bedded 

 and roofed by this coarse sandstone, though occasionally 

 separated from it by a few inches of shale. The roof is 

 very irregular and gives evidence that the eroding current 

 which removed the upper beds, tore out much of the lower 

 coal, v/hich, indeed, near Morgantown is sometimes reduced 

 to six feet, though seldom less than eight. 



Crossing the Monongahela we find a number of openings 

 on Scott's Run, which give the following general section : 



Coal, 3 in. ; shale, 1 ft. 9 in. ; coal, 1 ft. 3 in ; shale, 1 ft. 

 5 in. ; coal, 10 ft. 



On Courtney's Run, one mile below Scott's Run, we get 



Coal, slaty, 1 ft. 9 in. ; shale, 3 ft. 5 in. ; coal, 4|^ in. ; 

 shale, 1 ft. 10 in. ; coal, 1 ft. 4 in. ; shale, 10 in. ; coal, 8 ft. 

 8 in. 



On Robinson's Run, one mile farther down, we find 



Slaty coal, 2 ft. ; black shale, 3 ft. 6 in. ; bituminous 

 slate, 10 in. ; coal, 1 ft. 3 in. ; bituminous shale, 1 ft. ; coal, 

 8 ft., exposed. 



Here, within a distance of six miles, the bed is seen first 

 single-bedded, next, on Scott's Run the roof-coal is present 

 and double, on Courtney's, a third layer is added to the 

 roof, while on Robinson's, the two layers seen on Scott's lie 

 together, though they are clearly distinct. 



In Pennsylvania, the character of this bed varies in the 

 different basins, and is found only south of the Ohio and 

 Conemaugh rivers. In the first basin south of those rivers 



