and their Classification. ' 283 



tildes, numbers, quantity ; the second relating to time more 

 or less closely connected with space, dealing abstractly with 

 ideas, laws, quality. It must be noticed that for this second 

 department of metaphysics, I use the word logics, not logic; 

 I restrict the latter to its ordinary sense, in which it is both 

 a science and an art, viz., human reasoning, and, as a sci- 

 ence, constitutes a part of anthropo-psychology which itself 

 is a part of anthropology. 



The words abstract and general are sometimes used as syn- 

 onymes, as, for instance, occasionally by Auguste Comte ; 

 but very improperly, as careful consideration will show to 

 any one. Herbert Spencer has taken the trouble to define 

 them accurately and at length. Among other things, he 

 says : — "Abstractness means detachment from the incidents 

 of particular cases. Generality means manifestation in 

 numerous cases." And again : — "A general truth colligates 

 a number of particular truths ; while an abstract truth colli- 

 gates no particular truths, but formulates a truth which cer- 

 tain phenomena all involve, though it is actually seen in 

 none of them." The two words mathematics and logics 

 fully answer all purposes for the two branches into which 

 metaphysics is divisible ; but those who so desire, may use 

 as synonymes for them the words choremics and chronics (or 

 even, if they prefer, spacics and tempics), only they must 

 not lose sight of the fact that although one division is pre- 

 eminently the abstract science of space, and the other that 

 of time, the consideration of time cannot be entirely sepa- 

 rated in our consciousness from that of space, nor that of 

 space from that of time. 



I desire to show that the suffix "ics" can be applied to 

 the well known subdivisions of abstract science without 

 making a very great change- in terms. Thus, mathematics 

 is ordinarily divided into arithmetic, geometry and analysis ; 

 analysis into algebra and fluxion or calculus ; and the latter 

 into differential calculus, integral calculus and variation cal- 



