and their Classification. 291 



siipialology and monotrematology ; and placentalology into 

 discoplacentalology, zonoplacentalologj and villiplacentalol- 



But my next subdivisions require some further explanation. 

 LiNN^us, who made the first successful attempt at arranging 

 in intelligible order the various objects of Natural History, 

 the science corresponding to my subdivision geography or 

 tellurography, placed man, together with apes, monkeys, le- 

 mures and cheiroptera or bats, into an order of mammalian 

 animals to which he gave the name primates. (Systema 

 Natume, ed. 12, Holmise 1766.) Linn^us' arrangement, in 

 many respects, forms the basis of all modern classification, 

 but his order primates was rejected until nearly a hundred 

 years later, Huxley (Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature, 

 New York, D. Appleton & Co., 1863, p. 124) readopted it, 

 but excluded from it the bats. I still further exclude the 

 monkeys, and the lemurs or prosimise, keeping in the order 

 primates only the two genera, man and ape, authropi and 

 anthropoides. The prosimioe I place in an order by them- 

 selves ; and all the rest of the discoplacental •mammalia, 

 viz., the monkeys excluded from the first order {i. e. the 

 tailed catarrhinse and all the platyrrhinaj), the cheiroptera, 

 the insectivora and the rodentia, I combine to constitute a 

 second order, which I name subprimates. Hence I divide 

 discoplacentalology into primatology, subprimatology and 

 prosimiology ; and primatology into anthropology and an- 

 thropoidology. 



We have thus arrived at the science of man, and, at the 

 same time, at man's place in the sj^stem of nature. "The 

 ascertainment of the place which man occupies in nature and 

 of his relations to the universe of things," Huxley (in the 

 work cited, p. 71) characterizes as "the question of questions 

 for mankind — the problem which underlies all others, and is 

 more deeply interesting than any other." Our classification 

 shows us that man occupies the highest position in the high- 

 est order in the hiirhest class of the highest kiug-dom of tel- 



