Achaiinella and oilier Pulmonata. 337 



behind the tentacle; tliis I believe to be a generic characteristic, but the 

 fact must be confirmed in the living animal. It must surely be so in many 

 species, among which I may mention Johnsonii and UoiiokUa. It is not 

 so, however, in j^'^^^ii^'^- 



Another peculiarity is the whiteness noticed in the internal organs of 

 almost all the species examined. The whole digestire system seemed 

 injected with j^dead white fluid. 



The generative system presents several peculiarities, but in its geueral 

 arrangement is the same as in tlic other shell-bearing snails. Tlie testicle 

 is embedded in the extreme apex of the shell, in the upper lobe of the 

 liver. The epididymis is long, greatly convoluted near the oviduct. The 

 accessory gland appeared in several species (for instance in Mastersi, 

 varia, tceniolata and prodncta) to be composed of several long, white cosca. 

 This appears to be a generic characteristic, as does also the peculiarly 

 constituted ovary.* 



Instead of the single, homogeneous, tongue-shaped mass usually seen in 

 the Pulmonata, I have invariably found the ovary in Achatinella to be 

 composed of numerous, long, delicate, crimped, thread-like caeca, free 

 excepting at their base, where they converge to the top of the oviduct, 

 I noticed this form of ovary in tceuioluta, Johnsonii, pallida, livida, varia, 

 ehurnea, Mastersi and luctnusa, besides other species less thoroughly ex- 

 amined. The caaca are bound together in one irregularly ovate mass by 

 an investing membrane, which, when opened, allows the casca to spread 

 out in the form represented in pi. xv, lig. 4. Jhis peculiar ovary is the 

 most interesting point in the genus, so unlike the corresponding organ in 

 the other snails whose anatomy is now known. The oviduct is not con- 

 voluted, but simply long and sac-like (with extremely thin sides), ending 

 in a narrow, tubular cloaca. The remaining organs were not readily ex- 

 amined, on account of the animals having apparently been boiled, or 

 otherwise rendered difficult of dissection without breaking the continuity 

 of several of the ducts and organs, though the same general arrange- 

 ment (especially as to inter-counectioii) of penis, vas deferens, etc., was 

 noticed by me in UeniolaUi, livida, varia, ehurnea and pallida. 



I have given a figure of the genitalia of one species only, A. produeta, 

 which I succeeded in retaining in perfect condition. It will be noticed 

 (fig. 4) that the vas deferens proceeds directly from the base of the 

 ovary^and is free in its whole length, though lying close upon the oviduct. 

 It enters the penis at its side, just below its apex. From the apex of the 

 penis sac is a delicate duct to the long organ mai'ked a on the figure. 

 This organ runs from the base of the ovary to the apex of the sac-like 

 organ marked b. As there appears to be no prostate gland along the 

 side of the oviduct, it occurs to me that the organ a may be a form of 

 prostate, lubricating both the penis and the organ marked b. The last 

 is a dart sac, or a prostate, probably the latter. Its long flagellum 



*I use the terms applied to the organs by Di-. Leidy iu "Terrestrial Mollusks of 

 United States," I. 



