83 



Individer, tildels Yngel, livoraf der kan liave foreligget blot 

 et enkelt Individ til Undersøgelse. og det lader *sig nu i 

 flere Tiltælde directe paavise, at Yngel-Individer af denne 

 Slægt kunne frembyde en betydelig Uligked med de ældre 

 af samme Art. Med fuld Sikkerhed at henføre alle disse 

 Yngel-Individer. der endnu opføres under sine særegne 

 Navne i Musæer og i Skrifter, til sin rette Plads, er der- 

 for ofte vanskeligt eller endog umuligt. og denne Usikker- 

 lied vil først forsvinde. naar der foreligger langt stoi-re 

 Kækker af de forskjellige Udvikliugsstadier, end det for 

 Tiden er Tilfældet. 



Det under Nordhavs-Expeditionen vuudue Materiale 

 maa vistnok kaldes forholdsvis betydeligt. idet der indsam- 

 ledes ialt 29 Individer, henhørende efter min Antagelse ' 

 under 6 forskjellige Arter, men som dog ikke er tilstræk- 

 keligt til overalt at bringe fuld Klarhed i Forholdet mellem 

 disse Arter og de allerede bekjendte. 



Yed den endelige Bearbejdelse af dette Materiale bar 

 jeg havt en van-difuld Bistand af Dr. Liitken. som samti- 

 digt har underkastet de i Kjobenhavns Universitets-Musæum 

 opbevarede Typer fra Grønland en nøjere Gjennemgaaelse ; 

 fremdeles har jeg ved denne Naturforskers Yelvilje væi"et. 

 sat istaud til under et Par Ophold i Kjøbeuhavn personlig 

 at kunne undersoge disse Typexemplarer. Dette har havt 

 til Følge, at jeg nu liar troet at burde i enkelte Puncter 

 niodificere min tidligere provisorisk givne Opfatniug af de 

 under Expeditionen og de øvrige ved de norske Kyster 

 erholdte Former. Det hele Antal af de hidtil under sær- 

 egne Navne opstillede Arter af denne Slægt er 19.- hvortil 

 kommer den i nærværende General-Beretning beskrevne nye 

 Art. L. li<tke>m. 



At ■ forsoge paa at reducere til sit rette Antal alle 

 disse 20 hidtil l)eskrevne Arter, hvoraf idetmindste et Par, 

 efter min Opfatning. bestemt ikke kunne ansees for at 



1879. Goode & Bean. "List of the Fishes of Essex County, 

 inchuling those of Mass. Bav" iBuIl. Ess. Inst. vol. IX. p. 1 — 38, 

 Salem IsTOi. 



Som erholdte udenfor Kysterne af Maine" og Nova Scotia i de 

 senest ^rlølme Aar omtales af Lyeodcr Arterne L. rtn-illii, "L. cnhlii'% _ 

 og L. paxilhis. 



18sO. Liitken. ..Korte Bidrao- til nordisk lehthyosTaphi. III. 

 Grønlands og- Islands Lyooder" (Vid. Medd. Naturh. Foren. Kbhvu. 

 issn. p. ?,()-— ?,3-2^ meddelt (ite Febr. ISsOi. 



Iiideholder en critisk Gjennemgaaelse af det i Musæet i Kjd- 

 benhavu opbevarede Materiale af Lyooder fra CTi;ønlaud og Island, der 

 indeholder Typerne for de fleste af Reinhardt og Krøyer beski-evne Ar- 

 ter. Forfatteren charaoteriserer L. vahlii^ L. reticulatus og L. seminudus, 

 og antager den førstnævnte skilt fra L. esmarkii. Som ny opstilles L. 

 hirpi/rris fra Island, en Art, der i Legemsform, Skjælbeklædning og 

 Sidelinie kommer L. ■valdii nær, men skiller sig fra denne ved fæiTe 

 Pectoralstraaler, kortere Tandrække paa Palatinbenene, samt ensartet 

 graabnin Farve uden Baand eller Pletter. Fremdeles^ gjør Forfatte- 

 ren Rede for sin Opfatning af flere af de ø\Tige Lycoder, og giver 

 til Slutning en kort Oversigt over de grønlandske og islandske Arter 

 tilligenied dem af de ø\Tige Arter, hvorom han har personlig Kund- 

 skab (dog uden nærmere at charaeterisere disse sidste). 



(19. L. higtéris, Liitk.). 



growth, nay some from fry, of which, majbe. biit a 

 sohtary individual was at hand for examination; and in 

 many cases it now admits of the clearest proof that fry 

 and adult individuals of the same species exhibit a marked 

 dissimilarity. Therefore, to classify aright the numerous 

 fry-specimens, for which, in museums and ichthyological 

 works, a sjjecitic name continues to be employed, is ex- 

 ceedingly difficult, or rather impossible; and this uncer- 

 tainty will not cease to be felt till specimens representing 

 the various stages of development shall have been obtained 

 in greater number. . 



The results of the North Atlantic Expedition, as af- 

 fecting this question, must certainly be regarded as consid- 

 erable, 29 individuals, belonging. I conceive, to 6 different 

 species, having been collected. — though insufficient for 

 fidly elucidating the relation between these new species 

 and those already known. 



When engaged in working up these materials. I 

 received valuable assistance from Dr. Liitken, who also sub- 

 mitted the typical specimens fi-om Greenland, preserved in 

 the Copenhagen University Museum io^a critical examina- 

 tion ; and that naturalist having kindly permitted me . to 

 examine those specimens when, on one or two occasions, 

 I visited Copenbagen. I have seen fit. in some respects, 

 to modify my former, to a certain extent preliminary, 

 views concerning forms obtained on the Expedition and 

 off the coasts of Norway. The whole number of species 

 hitherto instituted under special names is 19. exclusive of 

 the new species. L. hUkenii, established in this (ieneral 

 Report. 



An attempt to reduce to their true number the 20 

 forms as yet described, some of whicli. in my opinion, 

 cannot be regarded as distinct species, is hardly pos- 



1870. Goode & Bean. "List of the Fishes of Essex County, 

 including those of Mass. Bay" (Bull. Ess. Inst. vol. IX. pp. 1 — 38, 

 Salem 1879). 



Among the various species of Lycodes obtained of late years 

 off the coasts of Maine and Nova Scotia are mentioned L. rerrillii, 

 '^L. vahlii" and L. paxiUvs. 



1880. Liitken. "Korte Bidrag til nordisk Ichthj'ographi. III. 

 Grønlands og Islands Lycoder.'' (Vid. Medd. Naturh. Foren. Kbhvn. 

 1880, pp. :'.07— -iS-i; read Feb. (ith 1880). 



In tliis Memoir are embodied the results of a critical examina- 

 tion of the specimens from Greenland and Iceland preserved in the 

 Zoological Museum in Copenhagen, which comprise the types of most 

 of the species described by Reinhardt and Kroyer. The author char- 

 acterises L. vahlii. L. reticulattis, and L. seminndus, and regards the 

 first of these species as distinct from L. csmarkii. As a new species, 

 he establishes L. lugubris, from Iceland, which, as regards ' the struc- 

 ture of the body, the scaled integument, and the lateral line, bears 

 considerable resemblance to L. vahlii, but is distinguished from it by 

 ha\ång fewer pectoral rays, a shorter series of teeth on the i^alatine 

 bones, and- a uniform greyish-brown colour, without either bands or 

 spots. Moreover, the author explains his views concerning several of 

 the other Lycodes, and gives in conclusion a summary of the Green- 

 land and Iceland species, "together with such of the remaining species 

 as are known to him from autopsy, without however diagnosticating 

 the latter. 19. L. Iwinbris, (Liitk.). 



n* 



