190 TURBO. 



separating under another generic name all the species com- 

 prised in Adams's sub-family Astraliinae ; but here it would be 

 difficult to know in which genus to place such shells as T. 

 coilatus, T. tuber, T. rugosus, &c. 



The f^hells of Turbo may always be distinguit-hed from 

 those of Trochus by their shelly opercula, and not as they 

 were formerly distinguished by their forms ; so that many of 

 the species (those of conical form) that have been called 

 Trochse, are Turbos, and some few of those formerly called 

 Turbos take their places in the genus Trochus on account of 

 having horny opercula. 



Species. 

 Section 1. Turbo, 



1. CORNUTUS, pi. i. f. 1, and xiii. f. 78, Gmeli'n, Syst. Nat. 

 p. 3593. — Testa turbinata, imperforata, tenuicula, fulvescens, 

 epidermide olivacea induta ; anfractus 7, convexi, spiraliter 

 costati, oblique subtilissime laminati ; anfractus ultimus 

 squamis tubulosis grandibus erectis biordinatim armatus ; 

 apertura subcircularis ; fauce argentea ; peristoma simplex ; 

 columella arcuata, lata, depressa, albida, ad basin expansa, 

 prod acta. Operculum extus albidum, convexum, funiculo 

 spirali prominente munitum, et tuberculis minutis rugosis 

 undique asperatum.— A well-known species, distinguished by 

 its conspicuous double row of large erect scales or horns. In 

 the Japanese specimens the upper whorls are strongly ribbed, 

 without scales, which do not begin to appear generally until 

 about the middle of the penultimate whorl, from whence they 

 rapidly increase in size from small scales to large prominent 

 horns. The more southern form (Philippines and Indian 

 Ocean), which one would at first sight be tempted to con- 

 sider a distinct species, is generally smaller, and has smaller 

 and more numerous scales generally commencing nearer the 

 apex. The shell figured in the ' Conchologia Iconica ' 

 (Reeve), pi. ix. /. 33 b, as T. japonicus, of which I give a 

 figure, pi. viii. f. 78, is a young shell of the Japanese form of 

 T. cornutus, having attained to an unusual size without 

 commencing to be horned. Reeve's other T. japonicus is a 

 distinct thing, and a Mauritian species, which I have named 

 T. cernicus, species 19. 



