and Muscles of the Oirajfe. 187 



fastened to the axis, but here to the salient posterior end. 

 The interspinales, intertransversales, and rotatores are each 

 fleshy. 



Prof. Owen has not failed to recognize, as conducing to the 

 elastic spring of the fore part of the trunk on its bony 

 columns, how it is slung, through the serratus magnus, to 

 the large terminal scapular cartilage, besides a third of the 

 bone itself. There are serrations to the eleven anterior costse ; 

 the two rearmost are the highest ; and the first is attached to 

 the vertebral process of the head of the first rib. 



Each of the writers mentioned calls attention to the powerful 

 development of the scaleni. Owen recognizes four, and Joly 

 and Lavocat three masses. I have found the undermentioned 

 disposition : — The s. anticus arises from the transverse pro- 

 cesses of the third and fourth cervical vertebree, and with two 

 thick equal-sized bellies proceeds down the neck, and is in- 

 serted singly, but muscularly, into the first rib. What I con- 

 sider the s. medius has origin by a very strong tendon from 

 the transverse process of the last cervical vertebra. It divides 

 as it goes to the ribs into two strong muscular bellies. The 

 deepest and dorsal one is inserted into the first rib about its 

 middle ; the other, longer belly reaches much lower down, 

 being fastened by a tendon upon both the first and second ribs. 

 The s. tertius (or s. posticus) is a wider, flatter muscle than the 

 preceding, and, springing from the sixth cervical, is inserted 

 into the articular end of the first rib by a broadish bifid inser- 

 tion. Superficial to this, and in a measure seeming almost a 

 portion of the serratus magnus, is a little round fusiform muscle 

 partly attached to the first rib. Above, it terminates in a long- 

 tendon, which goes to the transverse process of the sixth cer- 

 vical. I presume this offshoot of the s. tertius is the same 

 Avhich Gurlt* terms cervicalis descendens in Ovis. 



Under the name of " transversal des cotes (costo-sternal) " 

 a fair-sized muscle is mentioned which I also have foimd and 

 take to be what now goes by the denomination of supracostal. It 

 simulates continuance of the scalenus anticus, but commences 

 by tendon at the first rib, going on fleshy to the third, and by 

 aponeurosis to the sixth. Whilst the levator anguli scapulae 

 seems but a continuation of the serratus magnus, yet, as Owen 

 notes in the neck, it has a trifid division. The lowest portion, 

 springing from the seventh cervical, is fleshiest and most mas- 

 sive ; the two other slips, with tendons of origin from the fifth 

 and sixth vertebraj, conform to the upward thinning of the 

 neck. 



The rest of the nuchal muscles of the girafle are a perfect 

 * Anat. Abbild. der IIaus-Sau<2^ethiere, pi. 33. fig. 3. 



