188 Dr. J. Murie on the Horns, Viscera, 



model of adaptation to purpose ; and, just as in tlie long thin 

 legs, tendons replace flesh where power has to be transmitted 

 with at the same time diminution of volume in the member. 

 In the neck, however, another function has to be sub- 

 served, viz. graceful flexion of this seven-jointed piece of the 

 spine. To accommodate, then, all wants, and still retain tlie 

 ruminant type, the ordinary superficial muscular layer appears 

 to be absent, and the deeper ones cut into bands ending in 

 long tendons — a method of subdivision which combines con- 

 centration of force, tenuity of figure, and pliancy. 



What Joly and Lavocat name splenius (L c. p. 92) I regard 

 as trachelo-mastoid, their coraplexus as a biventer cervicis. 

 The splenius is wanting, and the complexus a very diminutive 

 muscle. The longus colli has normal attaclmients, but is ex- 

 traordinarily subdivided into what seem to be separate muscles 

 {vide PI. VII. fig. 3 & PL VIII. fig. 4).^ 



The singular felicity with which Prof. Owen describes and 

 comments on the very long ribbon-like muscles passing be- 

 tween the sternum, hyoid bone, and thyroid cartilage requires 

 no commentary. Neither do the short fleshy bundles of the 

 hyo-laryngeal apparatus, fauces, and tongue. Joly and La- 

 vocat give a full list of those of the eye, ear, and face, which 

 correspond in nearly every particular with those of other 

 ruminants, notably the slender-jawed deer and antelope tribe. 



The majority of the muscles of the fore leg are explicitly 

 treated in the Strasbourg memoirs ; my addenda, then, have 

 reference to moot points or imply variation. In one old male 

 I observed a somewhat duplex condition of the deltoid. Be- 

 sides the usual elongate diamond-shaped fleshy belly, a broad 

 expanse of tendon covered the infrascapular region, and, in- 

 feriorly fleshy, was inserted into the humeral neck behind the 

 first division. 



The muscle denominated triceps has five divisions in the 

 giraffe, according to the Toulouse Professors — their first head, 

 " le long extenseur de I'avant-bras (long scapulo-olecranien)" 

 unquestionably answering to what is now ordinarily known 

 as the dorso-epitrochlear, being derivative of the latissimus 

 dorsi minus scapular origin. 



Teres major and minor are mentioned as being united ; but 

 I have found them tolerably distinct. The former, of goodly 

 size, joins the latissimus dorsi four inches from the humerus, 

 the two passing underneath the fibres of the short coraco- 

 brachialis. The t. minor, well defined, has an insertion out- 

 side the humeral head into a pit above where the deltoid is 

 fixed, the second head of triceps passing underneath it. The 

 supra- and infraspinati are typical of the Ruminantia, eacli 



