and MuHcles of the Giraffe. 189 



full and fleshy-bodied ; the first mentioned, besides its bifid 

 tendinous insertion along- with the infraspinatus on the ex- 

 ternal humeral tuberosity, has a division almost worthy of 

 specific identification. In the sea-lion {Otaria)*^ where even 

 greater differentiation obtains, I have named it, from position, 

 episubscapularis. Tn the giraffe [vide PL VIII. fig. 5, Ej)s) a 

 view looking down on the upper rim of the scapula shows 

 that the muscular fibres of the supraspinatus towards the 

 glenoideum divaricate, and the abnormal portion passes inside 

 the tendon of the biceps ; overlying subscapularis and co- 

 raco-brachialis, it is inserted by tendon upon the internal 

 tuberosity of the humerus. 



I concur with the French authors in their interpretation of 

 the pectorales, limited to p. major and p. minor. 



The biceps, as the authors of the joint memoir note, is in- 

 serted by tendinous-like fascia into the ulnar neck, but besides 

 sends an aponeurotic expanse, partially intermingled with the 

 supinator longus, to the proximal end of the cannon bone, equi- 

 valent to the fascia of the forearm in man. I likewise agree 

 in there being a double-bellied coraco-brachialis, the longer 

 fusiform portion reaching almost to the intercondyloid fossa, 

 the shorter flatter division proceeding only to the humeral 

 neck. The brachialis anticus has an ulnar insertion imme- 

 diately below the biceps. 



I need not enlarge on the remaining long extensors and 

 flexors of the fore limb, which MM. Joly and Lavocat have 

 already accurately described. 



As regards the abdominal parietes, these, cceteris paribus^ 

 are relatively short ; for the great depth and capacious enclo- 

 sure by the ribs limit considerably the loose abdominal area. 

 The form of the body of the giraffe is indeed remarkable in 

 this respect. Whilst a certain amount of superficial strong 

 elastic fascia obtains, lending support to the fleshy wall, this 

 falls far short of the development attained in the Pachy- 

 dermata. 



In the male giraffe, as in the domestic bull, the " musculus 

 prffiputialis " has a considerable expanse of fleshy fibres. 



The psoas magnus and p. parvus are separate and well 

 represented. Iliacus double, part springing from the iliac 

 fossa and part from the first sacral vertcbraj, the psoas magnus 

 tendon and lumbar plexus of nerves coming between. 



The pelvo-caudal muscles are tolerably well represented 



(PI. VII. fig. 3). What appears to be the ilio-coccygeus (or 



perhaps inner division of ischio-coccygeus) is a broadish 



fleshy plane which springs from the inside of the pelvis close 



* Trans, Zool. Soc. vol. vii. p. 557. 



