194 Dr. J. Murie on the Anatomy of the Giraffe. 



equally persistent, the superficial appendage or covering deci- 

 duous within narrow or wider limits. Do not the fossil Rumi- 

 nantia reveal forms of intermediance which fill many an hiatus 

 of our apparently trenchantly separate living fauna ? 



4. That the ligamentum nuchge is composed of both trans- 

 versely striped and non-striate fibres, unequally distributed ; 

 and that there is a probability of the former losing their charac- 

 teristic differentiation when long preserved in spirit. 



5. That the discrepancies of length in the alimentary canal 

 are explicable on the grounds of age and sex ; and the pre- 

 sence of a gall-bladder is of such unfrequent occurrence that 

 it may be classed as an anomaly. 



6. The muscles of the limbs and body closely assimilate 

 to those of Ruminantia generally ; but those of the neck 

 and front of the shoulder present modifications in harmony 

 with or adapting them to the exigencies of a long slender 

 neck, &c. 



EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 



Plate VII, 



Fiff. 1. Upper surface of the skull, with the pericranium on it, of the old 

 female giraffe, seen somewhat in front, and showing the relative 

 position of the three horns : 3, the anterior median one. 



Fig. 2. Side view of pelvic bones ai^d tail-muscles : /, ischiatic ligament ; 

 lie, ilio-coccygeus ; Isc, ischio-coccygeus ; Sc, sacro-coccygeus ; 

 Lee & i, levator caudge externus and internus. 



Fiff. 3, Profile of the giraffe in the attitude of walking, designed to show 

 a dissection of the upper muscular layer throughout the body, 

 neck, and limbs, in the natural position. Lettering as fol- 

 lows : — Z, zygomaticus ; £u, buccinator ; Ma, masseter ; Lsp, 

 levator superioris proprius &c. ; Cm, compressor nasi ; Pffl, 

 parotid gland ; Co, complexus ; Oi, obliquus internus ; 7V«s, 

 trachelo-mastoid ; In, ligamentum nuchse ; Las, levator anguli 

 scapulae ; St7n, stemo-mastoid (or s.-maxiUaris) ; Mh, mylo- 

 hyoid &c. ; a-\-v, carotid artery and vein ; Itc, intertransversalis 

 cervicis ; tr, trachea ; Ic, longus colli ; Sh, sterno-hyoid ; Ch, ch*, 

 cephalo-humeral ; Tz, ti'apezius ; Rh, rhomboideus ; Lad, latis- 

 simus dorsi ; Dep, dorsi epitrochlearis ; T', T^, T^, triceps ; Is, 

 infraspinatus ; D, deltoid ; SI, supinator longus, and -E'er, exten- 

 sor carpi radialis ; Pma, pectoralis major ; Ba, brachialis anticus; 

 P. lo, palmaris longus ; Per, flexor carpi radialis ; Feu, flex, cai^i 

 ulnaris ; Fs 8f pd, flexor sublimis et profundus digitorum ; Fed, 

 extensor communis digitorum ; Ahp, abductor pollicis ; Feu, ext. 

 carp, idnaris ; Fo, external oblique ; Tvf, tensor vaginae femoris ; 

 Gmx, gluteus maximus ; Bf, biceps femoris ; Ve, vastus exter- 

 nus ; Ga, gastrocnemius ; So, soleus ; Fid, flex. long. dig. ; Pb, 

 peronseus brevas ; PI, peronaeus longus ; Eld, ext. long. dig. ; Ta, 

 tibialis anticus ; Sm, semimembranosus ; Po, popliteus ; Vi & 

 Bf, vastus internus and rectus femoris ; Sa, sartorius ; Admg, 

 adductor magnus. 



Plate VIII. 



Fiff. 4. Reduced sketch of the deep muscles on the lower surface of the 



