from the Antarctic Sea. 411 



which, when magnified, turned out to be so perfect that it 

 probably is as much a facsimile of the adult parent as a human 

 infant is that of a grown-up man. I therefore wanted nothing 

 further than to magnify this, and with the detail afforded by 

 the "fragments," to give not only the figure and description of 

 the latter, but that of the entire sponge, for which I now pro- 

 pose the name of TetJiya antarctica (PL XX.). 



While examining these fragments I also observed that they 

 had acted in the dredge as a kind of " tangle," by having 

 caught up several large foreign spicules, of two distinct kinds, 

 but apparently belonging to the same sponge. There were 

 only these two kinds, which were very numerous, and so long 

 and large that they could be seen and easily extricated with 

 unaided vision. One is, up to this time, a unique form, viz. 

 an anchor-head with four arms, and sometimes a fifth — which 

 being a continuation of the shaft, the s])icule is hexacti- 

 nellid. The other is a quaternate or quadrifid spicule, with a 

 cruciform head, Avhose four arms spread out horizontally and 

 somewhat sigmoidly from the end of a vertical shaft. It is 

 evidently allied to the same form of large cruciform spicule 

 which spreads its long arms over the surface of Carteria and 

 Holtenia^ but differs from these in being covered throughout 

 with a layer of minute or micro-spines, which, in all but the 

 shaft, are accompanied by a great number of large or macro- 

 spines. 



Thus, these tAvo forms of spicule being very numerous and 

 unaccompanied by any other foreign forms in the fragments 

 of Tetltya antarctica, I have assumed that they are respectively 

 the podal and surface spicules of a sponge allied to Carteria 

 and Holtenia, for which I propose the name of BosseJla ant- 

 arctica (PI. XXI.), in memory of the great antarctic navi- 

 gator who dredged them up. 



I have also found a branched Antarctic sponge belonging to 

 the Suberites, which will be described, with other sponges of 

 the kind, on a future occasion. 



Lastly, in a jar labelled " Shetland. J. S. Bowerbank, 52. 

 3. 12. 70-73," to which is added, in Dr. Bowerbank's blue ink 

 and handwriting, " Tethya lyncurium^'' I found six specimens, 

 viz. two of Tethya cranium and four of another species of 

 Tethya as yet undescribed ; so that the conjecture of Dr. 

 Bowerbank in writing T. Jyncuriwn (Doiiatia, Nardo & Gray) 

 was very wide of the mark, and excusable if it had not been 

 for a ])ublic museum. 



Having learnt by experience that appearances are more 

 misleading among the Spongiadaj than in any other of the 

 lower animals which I have been accustomed to study, from the 



28* 



