448 Dr. J. E. Grray on the Classification of Sponges. 



but the figure appears much embellished, and the papillae are 

 the excurrent canals. 



Fam. 3. Clioniadse, /. c. pp. 504 & 524. 

 Generally living in shells or rocks. 



Ciocalyjjta probably belongs to this order, but is quite un- 

 known to me. 



Order III. AEENOSPONGIA. 



vSkeleton consisting of agglutinations of grains of sand, 

 forming a subcircular disk, with spicules on the circumference 

 and at the mouth of the oscules. 



Fam. 1. XenospongiadsB, I. c. pp. 504 & 547. 



Sponge consisting of a subcircular disk of agglutinated 

 siliceous spicules and sand, with a series of diverging filiform 

 spicules on the circumference and around the oscules. 



Halichondria patera, from Mr. Barlee, in the British Mu- 

 seum, and the type of Halicnemia patera, Bowerbank, seems 

 to be allied to Xenospongia (1868). 



Subsection 2. Acantkosfonqia. 



Sponge armed with peculiar-shaped spicules, as well as the 

 usual formed ones found in the other sections. Often several 

 kinds in the same sponge. 



Order IV. HAMISPONGIA. 



Sponge horny or fleshy, strengthened with fusiform or 

 needle-like spicules, interspersed with anchorate or bihamate 

 spicules. 



Esperiadffi, Gray, P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 504 & 531. 



Desmacidon, 0. Schmidt, Spong. Faun. • 



The fusiform spicules are generally imbedded in more or 

 less abundant horny matter ; but in some this horny matter is 

 so small that the spicules appear to form fascicles in the 

 sarcode. 



Fam. 1. Esperiadae. 



Anchorate spicules with a large and a small or rudimentary 

 fluke, attached to the keratose skeleton ; bihamate and poly- 

 hamate spicules are often immersed in the sarcode. 



Esperiadffi, sect. 1 & 2, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 532. 

 Esperia, Mycale, j^gogropila, Menylliis, Alehion, lophon, 

 Carmia, Grapelia. 



