10 Mr. H. J. Carter on the Natural History of the Lac-Insect. 



powder), with a single male insect here and there alive, and 

 many dead ones, entangled in it. 



Bombay, Oct. 11, 1860. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE L B., Figs. 1—14. 



Fig. 1. Transverse section of a branch bearing "lac," with five full-grown 

 individuals of Coccus lacca in it, just before the evolution of the 

 young (natural size) : a, section of branch ; b b, dotted line 

 showing outline of lac ; c c, lac-insects ; d, large or anal papilla ; 

 e e, the two small or thoracic papillae ; //, tufts of white-powdery 

 trachea?. 



Fig. 2. Diagram of full-grown Coccus lacca, to show internal organs, &c.: 



a, oral papilla, which is attached to the branch ; b, anal papilla 

 surrounded by hairs at its opening, from which projects (m) the 

 tuft of cottony substance (tracheae) ; c c, the two thoracic papillae, 

 from each of which also projects a tuft of the cottony substance ; 

 d, oesophagus ; e e, alimentary canal ; /, liver ; g, hepatic duct ; 

 h,, oviduct ; iii, branches of the same, bearing ova (this organ 

 is greatly reduced in bulk, for the sake of perspicuity) ; A; k, tra- 

 chese -,111, section of sac ; m m, tufts of white-powdery tracheae, 

 resembhng cotton in appearance. 



Fig. 3. Pouch or diverticulum of ovary, magnified to show — a, pouch ; 



b, ovum filled with cells j c, one of these cells magnified, showing 

 d, oil(?)-globules, and e, globules or cells containing the colouring 

 matter. 



Fig. 4. Larva or young Coccus lacca as it issues from the parent (l-40th 

 inch long, magnified) : a a, the two tufts of tracheae budding 

 from the thorax ; b b, the two hairs extending from the pen- 

 ultimate segment of the abdomen; c, tuft of anal tracheae; 

 d, eyes. 



fig. 5. Coccus lacca, male (l-18th inch long, magnified): a, penis; 

 b b, white filaments composed of tracheae twisted into a cord. 



Fig. 6. The same : ventral view of the head, to show the lower pair of 

 eyes. 



Fig. 7' Antenna of the same, more magnified : a, free extremity ; b, the 

 base. 



Fig. 8. Antenna of larva, magnified. 



Fig. 9. Penis, magnified : a, upper, and b, lower member. 



Fig. 10. Tarsus of mature insect, both male and female, magnified. 



Fig. 11. Coccus lacca, female (of the same age as the male), after its in- 

 crustation has been dissolved off' with spirits of wine), l-18th inch 

 long : a a, thoracic tufts of tracheae ; b b, anal ditto ; c, row of 

 hairs around anal orifice, identical with fig. 2 b. 



Fig. 12. Head and tail of the same, more magnified, to show — a, pro- 

 boscis, and b, row of hairs round anal orifice. 



Fig. 13. Form of male incrustation : a, fixed extremity; b, free ditto. 



Fig. 14. Form of isolated female incrustation, of the thirteenth week: 

 a, anal tuft of tracheae issuing from anal orifice; b b, thoracic 

 tufts of tracheae. 



