172 New Genera of Starfishes. 



wholly granulated ; in having not the last but the penultimate 

 or antepenultimate marginals enlarged ; in having marginals 

 with spaced grannies. The abactinal plates are flat-topped 

 and slightly tabulate on radial areas; the actinals are flat, 

 never convex. 



Type, Stephan aster bourgeti, Perrier, Exped. Scientif. 

 du travailleur et du Talisman, 1894, p. 403, pi. 26. fig. 1. 



PentagonasUr as here used includes a small group of 

 southern species of which P. puhheUus is the type. Stephan- 

 aster, Ayres, type 8. elegans, Ayres ( = P. pidchellus), is 

 strictly a synonym of Pentagonaster in its narrowest sense. 

 Sphavriodiscns includes also Pentagonaster ammophilus, Fisher, 

 Hawaiian Islands. 



Pentagonaster differs from Ooniaster (type Asterias tessel- 

 Jata, Lamarck = Go niaster cuspidatus, Gray) in lacking 

 abactinal tubercles; in having the last marginal plate of 

 both series enlarged; in lacking abactinal secondary ossicles, 

 and numerous papular pores separated by intermediate 

 granules between the dorsal plates of papular areas ; in 

 having abactinal and actinal intermediate plates free from 

 granules except for a marginal series of granules. m 



Pentagonaster is distinguished from Tosia, Gray (type 

 T. australis, Gray), by the enlarged distal marginal of both 

 series (if a marginal is enlarged in Tosia it is the last super- 

 marginal only) : in the character of the pedicellariae, which 

 have narrow spatulate jaws (as in Goniaster) ; in Tosia they 

 are low, bivalved, and wider than high, or are absent 

 altogether. 



Tosia, as here limited, includes a few southern species — 

 not granularis. Ceramaster, Verrill (type C. granular is), and 

 Plinthaster, Verrill (type P. perrieri), I regard as quite 

 distinct genera. Pyrenaster, Verrill (type P. dentatus, 

 Perrier, 1884), according to the testimony of the type speci- 

 men, which I have examined, is synonymous with Plinthaster. 

 If there is to be any uniting of genera it should be Goniaster, 

 Pentagonaster, and Tosia, decidedly not Tosia with Ceramaster 

 or with Plinthaster. 



Heterozonias, gen. no v. 



Solasteridfe with a wide-meshed abactinal skeleton, and 

 small pseudopaxillas like Solaster, but differing from that 

 genus in having a complete series of actinal intermediate 

 plates to tip of ray and in the arrangement of marginal 

 paxillse, which consist of transversely oriented prominent 

 inferomarginals alternating with longitudinally oriented less 



