332 Mr. E. G. Joseph on the Rhopalucera 



in shady woods and forests. I have seen it in similar situa- 

 tions in every part of Brazil I have visited." 



The yellow spot above the end of the fore wing cell is very 

 distinct in this specimen. 



In the above quotation from the Brazilian note-book, the 

 description of " the brown winged (Horta) " applies not only 

 to Hel. nanna, but also to Hel. erato phyllis, which latter 

 Burchell collected in large numbers in Rio de Janeiro and its 

 vicinity (see 1356-1409 A). Although these two species 

 belong to different sections of the Heliconiinae, and are only 

 distantly related, their superficial likeness to each other is so 

 striking and their habits are evidently so essentially similar 

 that Burchell, who was an extraordinarily acute observer, 

 considered them to be a single species, widely distributed 

 throughout the parts of Brazil visited by him. Until the 



teeth, much resembling the form of the same marking in erato phyllis. 

 Above the outer projection there is to be seen, on the external border of 

 the bar, another minute tooth, resembling the step-like break which is 

 more or les^s developed at the corresponding point in the bar of erato 

 phyllis. 



In all five individuals taken outside the area in which Burchell cap- 

 tured erato phyllis, the margin of the bar has a very different appearance, 

 the tooth-like form being wanting, or, in the case of the lowest point, 

 represented by a shortened and more rounded projection. The margin 

 is in this respect very similar in all five specimens. Furthermore, in four 

 individuals out of the five, a yellow spot, lying between the costa and the 

 distal end of the fore wing cell, is more or less distinct. This spot is 

 wanting from the Rio specimen (1 314), although present in some of 

 the fifteen individuals on which Rifi'arth's description is based (Berliner 

 ent. Zeit. 1901-2, vol. xlvi. p. 10H). 



Mr. W. J, Kaye has kindly allowed me to examine three specimens of 

 H. nanna from his collection, and I find that they are consistent with 

 Burchell's. Two (a female from Rio and a male from Espirito Santo) 

 resemble 1 31 4- : one (a female from V. Nivac, Matto Grosso : Nov. 1904) 

 resembles 131 5-1 319. The latter possesses the yellow spot, and the 

 " teeth " are even more rounded off or flattened down than in Burchell's 

 specimens. 



Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall, who kindly examined the material in the 

 British Museum for me, finds that two specimens of H. nanna from Per- 

 nambuco and two from Itaparica (an island off Bahia) resemble 13 14, 

 while one, in the Godman-Salvin Collection, from Chapada, is of the 

 other form. Specimens of H. erato phyllis exist in the British Museum 

 or Godman-Salvin collections from Bania, Pernambuco, and still further 

 north. 



There is no doubt that Stichel's nanna is the form with the toothed 

 bar from the area of H. erato phyllis. I have not been able to consult 

 the original description (Ent. Zeit. Guben. vol. xii. p. 143), but, in his 

 monograph in the ' Genera Insectorum,' Stichel gives South Brazil as the 

 range, and Espirito Santo and Minas Geraes as localities. He further- 

 more indicates that the nomen nudum " bidentatus " of Staudinger's lists, 



