Gastropod Foot and Branchial Cavity. 523 



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EXPLANATION OF PLATES XII. k XIII. 



lig. 1. The foot of C. europcea retracted, s., siphon; m., mantle. X 6. 

 lig. 2. Foot of Paludina vivipara retracted, X 2. op., operculum. 

 Pig. 3. Foot of Trochus crassus, Montagu, retracted, X 2. ep.tent, 



epipodial tentacles. 

 Fig. 4. Foot of Littorina Utorea retracted, X 4. 

 xig. 5. Ctenidial leaflet of Vyprcea pyrum, X 15. cff.v., efferent 



ctenidial vessel; eff., efferent edge of leaflet; off'., afferent 



edge; skel., skeleton of leaflet; att., line of attachment of 



leaflet to branchial roof. 

 Fig. 6. Ctenidial leaflet of C. europcea, x 20. 

 Fig. 7. Section of leaflet of Emary inula, highly magnified. 

 Fig. 8. Ditto of Oyprcea pyrum, highly magnified. 

 Fig. 9. Ditto of Paludina vivipara, highly magnified. 

 Fig. 10. Ditto of Littorina Utorea, highly magnified. 

 Fig. 11. Ditto of Littorina obtusata, highly magnified. 

 Fig. 12. Branchial cavity of L. lilorea, rf . m.gl., mucus-gland; r., 



rectum; ci., ctenidium ; osph., osphradium. 

 Fig. 13. Ditto ditto, £• g.d., gonaduct. 

 Fig. 14. Ditto of L. obtusata, S . 

 Fig. 15. Ditto ditto, $. 

 Fig. 16. Ditto of L. rudis, c?. 

 Fig. 17. Ditto ditto, $. 



