EXAMINATION OF WATERS OF GREAT SALT LAKE. 239 



country bordering on Great Salt Lake. It was vlioiight that perhaps 

 b}^ utilizing some of the ponds to which they give rise, or by construct- 

 ing artitlcial ponds or claires and regulating the flow of water, the 

 density might be so regulated as to secure the requisite conditions. 

 The springs selected for examination were those flowing from the end of 

 the Oquirrh Mountains south of Saltaire and Garfield Beach. 



At Chambers Station there is a group of springs on the property of 

 Mr. Anderson, most of thear in the bottom of a small pond in which 

 carj) and trout have been introduced by the owner, both being said to 

 thrive. A small spring on the margin of the pond had a density of 

 1.0003; about 50 yards below the discharge of the pond the density 

 was 1.0012; about 250 yards below it was 1.0018, and about half a mile 

 from the pond it had risen to 1.0019, all densities being corrected to 

 15° C. Near the place at which the last reading was taken a sluggish 

 S])ring rises from a deep hole with abrupt margins, the density there 

 being 1.0014. In the stream forming the discharge of the pond confer- 

 void alga? in abundance and several schools of small fish were seen. 

 There is a copious discharge of water from the pond, and the flow, 

 which was not measured, is said to vary but little with the seasons. In 

 the lower course of this stream the land becomes somewhat boggy and 

 much of the water is lost through evaporation over the increased sur- 

 face thus produced. 



Two springs were next examined on the proi)erty of Mr. Spencer, 

 several miles west of Chambers station, on the road to Black Rock. 

 They rise between the highway and the railroad. The east spring has a 

 density of 1.0003 at its source, and the west spring 1.0013 at the railroad 

 and 1.0015 about 200 yards below\ Both of them flow through boggy 

 ground, and their courses are much choked with alg^e and watercress. 



Near Black Rock are two springs just south of the highway and about 

 half a mile from the lake. The eastern one, which is the larger, has a 

 density of I.OOIG, the most saline spring examined. The flow from this 

 spring exceeds that of any others except that at Chambers station. 

 The second spring, about one-fourth mile west of the one just described, 

 is much smaller and has a density of 1.0018. 



Oysters will live in water of a density or specific gravity between 

 1.002 and about 1.0024, but near tlie limits mentioned they are inferior 

 in quality and of but little value as food. In water of low density they 

 become poor, flabby, and tasteless, while near the ui)per limits of their 

 adaptability they become small and almost worthless, as may be seen 

 in the mangrove oysters in certain parts of the South and in some of 

 the West Indies. To raise oysters of the best quality it is necessary to 

 have the water of such salinity as will give a specific gravity of between 

 1.010 and 1.020. 



It will be observed that none of the sj^rings examined has a density 

 within the limits which experience has indicated as most favorable for 

 the production of sapid oysters, but the eastern or larger spring at 

 Black Rock is saline enough to support adult oysters and to admit of 



