GENERAL REVIEWS. I 55 



in the different departments. The chapters on the Protozoa and Coelenterata are 

 practically as in the original Grundziige, all the others have been remodelled, en- 

 larged, and brought up to date. The sections dealing with Polyzoa, Brachiopoda, 

 Mollusca, and Trilobites have been entirely rewritten. The work therefore is 

 something more than a translation, it is a new treatise on invertebrate palaeontology 

 founded upon Professor von Zittel's Grundziige der Palucontohxjic, and it is greatly 

 to be regretted that the different collaborators have not followed more closely the 

 method of treatment in that invaluable work. 



The -two great faults, which stand out conspicuously, are the excessive sub- 

 division of the various sub-kingdoms into families, sub-families, and genera — a 

 feature in which American zoologists excell — and the large number of cases where 

 the authority for such divisions is omitted. In looking through the classification 

 the student is bewildered to know if these families, etc., are here described for the 

 first time or hitherto. Many of the divisions are new, though in some cases both the 

 authority and definition are omitted. However desirable it may have seemed to 

 include the special views on classification of the various authors, a students text- 

 book is surely the last place in which to introduce such changes. We do not 

 hesitate to say that so far as the general bulk of palaeontological students are con- 

 cerned, the value of this work has been greatly impaired by such treatment, 

 particularly so as regards the Polyzoa, Brachiopoda, Mollusca, and Arthropoda. 



The sub-kingdom Mollusca has been treated of by Dr. Dall (Pelecypoda), 

 Professor Piisbry (Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Gastropoda, Pteropoda), and Professor 

 Hyatt (Cephalopoda). 



Dr. Dall's work is perhaps the most .satisfactory, and Professor Hyatt's the least 

 so. Many of the minor errors in all the classes might have been avoided with a 

 little more care. In not a few cases the essential characters of a family have been 

 overlooked or omitted, this is particularly apparent amongst the Amphineura and 

 Gastropoda, in fact throughout the sub-kingdom, excepting the Pelecypoda, the 

 definitions are inadequate. 



In conclusion, we think the advanced student and others will find Dr. Eastman's 

 book a valuable work of reference, the general student, howeves, still awaits a 

 reliable work in the English language. — W. E. C. 



An Elementary Course of Praetieal Zoology.— By the late T. jeffery 



Parker and W. N. Parker. 8vo, pp. xii-t-6o8, and 156 fig.s. London: 1900, 

 Macmillan & Co., Ltd. 



As a handbook to an elementary course of study in practical zoology the work 

 before us will be welcomed by both teacher and student. Adopting the method 

 pursued in Huxley and Martin's " Elementary Biology," the authors have produced 

 a very readable and practical guide which will take its place in the majority of 

 zoological laboratories. It has long been felt that the present works on practical 

 zoology were unreadable, and largely out of date, and often the desire has been 

 expressed for a new and revised edition of Huxley and Martin's admirable work. 

 Professor Newton Parker is to be congratulated on having produced a work which 

 embraces all the good points of the former. 



The accounts of the different types are well arranged and carefully thought out, 

 and with a few exceptions the practical directions are all that could be desired. 



The illustrations, many of which are from Professor Parker's other works, and 

 Professor Howe's "Atlas," have been selected with discretion, and are all excellent. 



W. E. C. 



A Treatise on Zoology.— Edited by E. Ray Lankester. Pt. III. The Echi- 

 noderma. By F. A. Bather, assisted by J. W. (Gregory and E. .S. Goodrich. 

 8vo., pp. viii-f 344. London: 1900. Adam and Charles Black. 



The work before us marks a distinct advance in the style and scope of zoological 



