I poo.] Osborn, Phylogeny of the Rhinoceroses of Europe. 255 



long narrow measurements of the grinding teeth indicate that 

 they belong to a dolichocephalic type, probably A. tetradactylum. 

 A jaw recently excavated by Professor Fraas himself (Steinheim) 

 exhibits small pointed incisors and a vestigial pointed pnii. 



Lower Pliocene Stage. 



Eppelsheim. 



T. goldfussi Kaup. — The foregoing studies enable us to de- 

 termine that the tooth which Kaup selected from the sands of 

 Eppelsheim for the type of this species is not a molar, as he sup- 

 posed, but di. fourth superior premolar ; this tooth has a broad in- 

 ternal cingulum ( ' Ossements Fossiles,' Darmstadt ; in 'Akten d. 

 Urwelt,' 1841, he adds as cotypes, a lower molar, and upper incisor ; 

 in ' Beitr. z. Naher. Kennt.' he figures an upper molar, Taf. II, fig. 

 20 ; a lower molar, fig. 15). In the same Eppelsheim sands are 

 found other teeth with characteristic peculiarities of this brachy- 

 cephalic-megalodine phylum, viz. : greatly enlarged upper in- 

 cisors, upper molars with crochet and antecrochet projecting into 

 median valley, lower molars with flattened outer wall. 



T. goldfussi is very imperfectly known ; it cannot now be dis- 

 tinguished specifically from T. brachypus, except by its larger size. 

 So far as we know it was the last member of the subfamily 

 Brachypodinae. 



Types. Incertce Sedis. 



The Siwalik Rhinoceroses have not yet been carefully examined 

 by the writer. The Aceratherium blanfordi Lydekker, type, re- 

 sembles the Brachypodinae in the structure of its superior molars. 

 From the Lower Pliocene or Maragha is another remarkable in- 

 teresting form, A. persicb Pohlig, which appears to be distinct 

 from A. blanfordi. 



Aceratherium persiae Pohlig. — This species is richly repre- 

 sented in Vienna (Collection Polak) by ten more or less complete 

 skulls ; there i^ also a fine skull in the Halle Museum. Charac- 

 ters : Last superior molar quadrate with an exceptional extension 

 of ectoloph, and a vestige of posterior valley ; ectoloph of molars 

 in a nearly straight line ; antecrochets and crochets of molars 

 very prominent, giving a complex pattern upon extreme wear ; 



