266 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XIII, 



CONCLUSIONS. 



This phylogeny leaves many species untouched and unsettled. 

 It certainly contains both errors and omissions, and I set it for- 

 ward mainly as a method of solution of the Rhinoceros problem. 



1. It disregards homoplastic or convergent characters, which 



are often entirely misleading. 



2. Great stress is laid upon exactness as to stratigraphical or 



geological succession, the neglect of which has been a fertile 

 source of error. 



3. According to our present knowledge, none of the six phyla 



can be connected by European stem forms, as in the phy- 

 logenies previously attempted. 



4. The newer hypothesis of foreign (African or Asiatic) invasion 



into Europe of certain phyla has at present more in its favor 

 than the older hypothesis of the derivation of all Upper 

 Tertiary from Lower Tertiary types of Europe. 



5. It is a fact that the earliest known members of each phylum 



show substantially all its fundamental characters ; subse- 

 quent modifications are adaptive and may be more or less 

 convergent to other phyla. 



6. Generic, specific, and subfamily terms are simply our symbols 



for clear thinking and description. If the hypothesis of six 

 or more distinct phyla is correct, and these breeds or races 

 have been distinct since the Middle, and in some cases since 

 the Early Tertiary Period, then the actual remote relation- 

 ships of the individual members of said phyla will be most 

 truthfully and clearly expressed both by the revival of cer- 

 tain disused generic names, and by the use of subfamily 

 names. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



1885. Deperet, Ch. Descriptions Geologiques du Bassin Tertiare du Rous- 

 sillon. Annates des Sciences Ghlogiques (Hebert et Milne Edwards), 

 XVII, pp. 1-272. 



1887. Deperet, Ch. Recherches sur la Succession des Faunes Vertebres 



Miocenes de la Vallee du Rhone. Lyon, 1887. 

 1877. Fii.HOL, Henri. Recherches sur les Phosphorites du Quercy. Ann. 



d. I. Soc. GM., pp. 126 et seq. 

 1881. FiLHOL, Henri, Etude des Mammiferes Fossiles de Ronzon (Haute 



Loire). Annates des Sciences GMogiques, 1881, XII, 5, Art. 3. 



