List of Casts, Models, and Photographs. 47 



20. Condylarth or Primitive Hoofed Mammal Phenacodus. 



Lower Eocene Epoch. 



This is drawn after the famous skeleton discovered by Wort- 

 man and described originally by Cope, and as remounted by 

 Osbom. 



Phenacodus belongs to the group of Primitive Ungulates 

 from which all the modern hoofed animals are descended. It 

 is in many respects like the clawed animals (Unguiculates) 

 from which the hoofed animals (Ungulates) branched off. 

 Five toes on each foot, pig-like teeth, arched back, short legs, 

 narrow chest, lank sides, long tail, all are characters of the 

 primitive clawed animals still retained by Phenacodtts, but lost 

 by modern hoofed animals. 



OsBORN, Remounted Skeleton oi Phenacodus primcEvus, Btill. Am. Mus. 



Nat. Hist., X, 1898, p. 159. 

 Cope, Tertiary Vcrtebrata, pp. 42S-463, pi. Ivii 6-lviii. 



21. Hornless Amblypod Coryphodon. 



A short-footed, hoofed animal of the Lower Eocene Period. 



This remarkable animal was related to the huge Uintatheres. 

 It had five very short toes on each foot. The anterior teeth 

 suggest those of the Hippopotamus, but the grinding teeth are 

 entirely different. The neck is short, the body rather long, 

 with many archaic characters. The legs are short and clumsy, 

 the upper joint disproportionately long. The brain is re- 

 markably small. At the sides of the top of the skull are bony 

 projections prophetic of the posterior horns of the Uintathere. 



Coryphodon was probably an amphibious animal living in 

 the marshes and rivers bordering the ancient Wasatch Lake. 

 Its large tusks were used presumably in rooting up water- 

 plants, and were also formidable weapons of defense against 

 the larger flesh-eating animals of that period. Its general ap- 

 pearance was unlike that of. any modem animal, for, although 

 it combined some characters of such dissimilar beasts as the 

 Bear, Elephant, and Hippopotamus, it had many peculiari- 

 ties of its own. 

 OsBORN, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., X, iSoS, pp. Si-qi. 



