among the Shetland Isles. 305 
10. Species recorded from the Coralline Crag and eazlier 
deposits, and supposed to be extinct, have now been discovered 
living in the Shetland seas; e. g. Limopsis aurita, Pleurotoma 
carinata, and Columbella halicweti. Possibly Trochus amabilis 
is another case, assuming that it originated from Margarita? 
maculata of Searles Wood. 
Professor Dickie has been good enough to report on some 
Diatoms from the insides of a quantity of Hchinus Norvegicus, 
which were dredged at a depth of 78 fathoms about forty miles 
from the east coast of Shetland. He says they are chiefly 
Navicula didyma, Coscinodiscus excentricus, C. minor, Acti- 
nocyclus undulatus, and Melosira sulcata, with fewer of M. 
nummuloides and Nitzschia angularis, all marine; also a few 
freshwater Cocconema lanceolatum, Sinciella minuta, and 
fragments of a Pinnularia. And he adds that long ago he re- 
corded the occurrence of freshwater kinds of Diatomacee 
mixed with marine kinds from the stomachs of Ascidiw taken 
in deep water off Aberdeen. ‘The freshwater Diatoms must 
evidently have been carried by a stream into the sea, and 
transported by the tide to the place where they sunk to the 
bottom, and were swallowed by the indiscriminating Echini 
and Ascidie. Diatoms inhabit the surface only of the water ; 
and Globigerina and other Foraminifera not of a fixed or 
sessile nature have been observed by Major Owen to float 
when alive within a few inches from the surface. Dr. Wallich 
found the microscopic organisms which he called coccospheres 
“¢ profusely in a living, or perhaps it would be more safe to say 
a recent, condition in material collected at the surface of the 
open seas of the tropics.’’ Coccospheres and free Foraminifera 
cover the bed of the Atlantic at enormous depths. The occur- 
rence, therefore, of such organisms on the floor of the ocean at 
great depths does not prove that they ever lived there. I should 
rather be inclined to believe that they dropped to the bottom of 
the sea when dead or after having passed through the stomachs 
of other animals which had fed on them. 
A few small fishes were caught in the dredge at depths of 
from 90 to 100 fathoms. Dr. Giinther reports that they be- 
long to the undermentioned species :—Callionymus maculatus 
(Bonap.), Gobius Jeffreysti (Giinth.), young, Cyclopterus 
lumpus (l.), young, Lepadogaster bimaculatus (Penn.), and 
Rhombus Norvegicus (Gimth.), young. He remarks that the 
last-named species is new to the British fauna, having been 
hitherto known from the coast of Norway only. 
My. Norman will report on the Crustacea, Echinoderms, 
and Sponges, Dr. M‘Intosh on the Annelids, and Mr. Waller 
on the Foraminifera. 
