Miscellaneous. OLE 
immediately below the crown of anal papille, there is also a calea- 
reous ring composed of ten pieces, of very regular form; and the 
five radiate muscles of the intestine are attached to the five radial 
pieces. The calcareous ring of the pharynx is placed a little deeper 
in the peduncle than that of the intestine ; therefore a section of the 
peduncle at the level of the root of the buccal tentacles shows 
plainly the five radial muscles of the intestine, but not those of the 
pharynx. The small dimensions of the object have not, unfortu- 
nately, allowed it to be ascertained how the aquiferous vessels of the 
rays behave in the neighbourhood of the calcareous rmgs. The 
existence of a double calcareous ring and the division of the rays 
into five intestinal and five pharyngeal rays might lead us to suppose 
that there exist two circular vessels. If, however, we admit, de- 
spite this arrangement, a single nervous ring and a single circular 
aquiferous vessel, it is still no less impossible to refer this singular 
animal to the typical form of the Holothuri, notwithstanding the 
incontestable affinities that have been indicated in the internal 
organs. We might, it is true, suppose the Rhopalodine to have 
resulted from a Psolus or Colochirus whose buccal and anal cones 
had been much elongated and soldered to one another; but although 
that transformation might produce a form analogous to Rhopalodina, 
the rays could not be arranged as in these animals. The two dorsal 
rays should, on the contrary, disappear entirely, and we ought to 
find on the peduncle two groups of three rays becoming continued 
one into the other at the extremity of the abdomen. 
In all living Echinoderms the anus is placed either opposite to the 
mouth in the centre of the radiate arrangement or in an inter- 
radium. In some fossil Crinoids alone (the Crinoidea_ tessellata) 
there exist more than five rays placed round a single central aper- 
ture. These are in reality the only Echinoderms in which we could 
suppose an arrangement of the pharynx and intestine in relation to 
the rays like that which M. Semper has described in Lhopalodina. 
Yet these latter could not be united with the Crinoids, because of 
the totally different structure of their ambulacra, leaving out of 
consideration that their internal organs approximate them much 
more to the Holothurie. 
The author does not see any other way of getting out of the diffi- 
culty than to create for these singular animals a new class, under 
the name of Hchinodermes diplostomes. He promises us a detailed 
description of the genus Fhopalodina in a supplement to his great 
work on the Holothurie.— Verhandl. phys.-med. Gesellsch. in 
Wurzburg, June 6, 1868: Bibl. Univ. August 15, 1868, Bull. Sci. 
pp. 326-328. 
Coccoliths and Coccospheres. By G. C. Watticu. 
September 7, 1868. 
In a lecture “ On a Piece of Chalk,” delivered by Prof. Huxley 
to working men during the recent meeting of the British Association, 
and published with the author’s initials in the September number of 
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 4. Vol. ii. 22 
