374 Dr. J. E. Gray on Hyalonema Schultzei. 
Schultzet spread over the surface of the barrel-shaped body of 
the sponge, and do not form a conical pencil like that which 
is inserted into one of the sides of the cup-like sponge that is 
sometimes parasitic on the tip of the Hyalonema from Japan. 
The body of H. Schultzed is somewhat like in form, and 
resembles in texture, the body of Huplectella cucumer of Prof. 
Owen. Indeed H. Schultzet of the Philippines seems to differ 
chiefly from Euplectella from the same country in the long 
spicules with the recurved spines and cup-like anchor termi- 
nation being directed from the body, as if they formed a stem 
by which it was anchored in the mud or sand, instead of 
being bent upwards towards the upper part of the tubular 
sponge, forming a ruff or frmge round its body, as they are 
generally seen in the more perfect specimens received from the 
Island of Zebu. 
_We are very imperfectly informed how the Huplectella as- 
pergillum is attached to the bottom of the sea in which it 
grows. Most specimens from Zebu have a greater or less 
quantity of dry mud enclosed in a large number of small 
fibres at the base, as in Prof. Owen’s plate (Linn. Trans. xxii. 
t. 21. f. 1), looking as if the sponge had grown with a small, 
more or less expanded, circular disk, formed of the spicules, on 
the mud, which with some mud is artificially moulded by the 
collectors into the form in which we generally receive them ; 
but this disk seems a very small and insecure means of attach- 
ment at the bottom of the sea, however quiet the water in 
which they live may generally be. 
Prof. Owen, when describing Euplectella cucumer (Linn. 
Trans. xxii.), observes that the specimen had fortunately been 
preserved along with the foreign bodies to which it was at- 
tached by the terminal filaments; such a mode of attach- 
ment may now, therefore, be added to the generic charac- 
ters of Huplectella as defined /. c. p. 117. On the plate is 
figured the “foreign sponge and other bodies to which it is 
attached ’’ (p. 123) ; and in the figure some of the long ‘ barbed 
filaments with their terminal anchors” at the base of the 
barrel-shaped body of the sponge are bent up like those seen 
on the specimen of /. aspergillum from the Philippines, while 
others bend down so as partly to cover the mass of foreign 
bodies above referred to, to which it is attached. 
Since I have read Dr. Semper’s paper, and have discovered 
that Hyalonema lives with its siliceous spicules sunk lke 
roots in the sand or mud, it has occurred to me whether Hw- 
plectella may not use the elongated, barbed and anchor-ended 
spicules sunk in the sand for the same purpose, or that they 
may surround a mass of foreign bodies, like those figured as at- 
