Bibliographical Notices. 451 
Old Red Sandstone in patches (with <Adianthoides hibernicus in 
Berwickshire and Sigillaria(?) in Roxburghshire); and some Cambro- 
Silurian (Lower Silurian) rocks in the western part of Northumber- 
land. A very neat little geological map, printed in colours, accom- 
panies the paper, and shows (as far as a small scale permits) con- 
siderable improvements in detail, compared with other maps of this 
part of the north of England. 
For Cumberland and Westmoreland we have Dr. Nicholson’s 
comprehensive memoir above mentioned, in which are noticed the 
writings of many others, including the results of some of the work 
of the Geological Survey in the Lake-district, given by Mr. Hughes 
in 1866, as well as the fruits of Prof. Harkness’s persevering and 
acute examination of the Lake-district and neighbouring region, 
often in company with the author himself. Some limited traces of 
Liassic and Triassic strata in Cumberland are briefly noticed. The 
next lowest beds of the district are the Permian; and considerable 
addition to our knowledge of this group has been made by Prof. 
Harkness, following up Mr. Binney’s indications some few years since. 
Of Carboniferous rocks, there are the Coal-measures of Whitehaven, 
the sandy beds equivalent to the Millstone-grit, the Yoredale 
beds, and the Scar limestone; then succeed the Upper Old Red 
Sandstone and the Silurian rocks, comprising equivalents of the 
Ludlow beds above, and the Coniston grits, Coniston flags, and 
Coniston limestone in descending order, and, still lower, the green- 
slates and porphyries, and the Skiddaw slates, which have been 
freely traversed by granite and other igneous rocks; whilst the 
whole have been contorted, dislocated, and most extensively de- 
nuded. ‘These rocks and strata are described in detail; the fault- 
ings, so important a feature in the structure of the Lake-district, 
are dwelt upon, especially in the introduction ; the characters, fea- 
tures, and effects of the igneous rocks, and the glaciation of some 
granitic and other masses, are amongst the most important subjects 
of research. : 
In the theoretical views of Dr. Nicholson as to the early conditions 
and changes of the Lake-district, geologists have much to discuss ; 
and we think that our author is hasty in putting aside the late 
W. Hopkins’s views of the geometrical relations of the old faults 
of this region. The correlation of the older palozoic beds and fos- 
sils of Cumbria with those of Cambria will perhaps long give rise to 
vexed questions among paleontologists, and certainly will not yet 
bear dogmatic collocations. Little, however, can be done without 
good conscientious work, such as that of which this pamphlet is the 
result. There is no rest for the geologist’s hammer, except when 
the pen is recording or revising its discoveries ; so we trust that this 
essay, at first written as a University thesis, and now published with 
corrections and additions, will still be amended and enlarged with 
new work and new results from time to time. It is at present 
illustrated with several bold sectional diagrams ; these will have to 
be replaced with sections on truer scale and with more accuracy of 
detail. In the-meantime, in its present state, we are sure that 
