Bibliographical Notices. 453 
now known as fossil, lived unnoticed in our seas until the last five 
years; and, indeed, a considerable number of them are for the first 
time recorded in this monograph. 
Acquaintance with freshwater species of Ostracoda dates back to 
the middle of the last century. The investigation of the species has 
been gradual and continuous; and at the present time we are tole- 
rably conversant with those members of the order which inhabit 
the streams, lakes, and ponds both of the British Islands and of 
continental Europe; but with the marine species the case has been 
different. It was in 1785 that O. F. Miler first recorded the exist- 
ence of sea forms, and in his ‘ Entomostraca’ established the genus 
Cythere and described five species. There the matter stood, without 
any fresh light being thrown upon the subject, until Dr. Baird, in 
1837, published six additional species in the ‘Mag. of Zool. and 
Botany.’ In the following year M.-Edwards established the genus 
Cypridina, containing a single species. From that time until 1850, 
when Dr. Baird published his ‘ History of the British Entomostraca,’ 
matters were at a standstill. That work made us acquainted with 
seven more Cythere (together with a freshwater form which was 
assigned to that genus), with three species of recent Cythereis, and 
with two Cypridine. The ‘ List of the British Marine Invertebrate 
Fauna,’ published by the British Association eleven years subse- 
quently (1861),only contains two additional species, Cypridina Maric 
and C. interpuncta, which had been published by Dr. Baird. In that 
year the Rev. A. M. Norman described a fifth British Cypridina, 
and recorded the Philomedes longicornis of Lilljeborg from Plymouth 
in the ‘ Annals of Natural History.’ In the following year he added 
five Cythere and a Cythereis in the same journal; and in 1864 
(Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumberland and Durham) eight more Cythere 
and another Cythereis. Lastly, in the ‘ Report Brit. Assoc.’ 1866, 
Mr. Brady characterized nine additional marine species from the 
Hebrides, distributing them in the genera which had just been 
established by G. O. Sars. Thus, when Mr. Brady commenced 
his monograph, there were (deducting species proved to be syno- 
nymous) forty-four marine Ostracoda described, and twenty more 
of which the names had been recorded in his paper just referred to. 
On the Continent the marine Ostracoda had, until quite recently, 
been wholly neglected. Since Miller’s time, beyond a Cypridina 
noticed from the Mediterranean by Costa and Philippi, and two Nor- 
wegian species (which, however, are synonymous with previously 
described British forms), no additions had been made to the fauna. 
In 1865, however, G. O. Sars published, in the ‘ Vid.-Selskabets 
Forhandlingar,’ his “‘ Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder,” a mo- 
nograph which at once placed the study of this order of animals on a 
new footing. He had not only collected seventy-seven species in 
the Scandinavian seas, but, with the greatest skill and anatomical 
research, so investigated their structure and anatomy that he was 
able to establish a large number of genera upon what would seem 
to be valid and sound characters. 
Taking Sars’s ‘ Oversigt’ as the basis of his work, Mr. Brady has, 
