ISO Mr. G. A. Bjulenger on the Suborders and 



Moutli very protractile, pra^maxillary "^'ith an 



upward lateral process ; palate toothless. . 17. Gerrid(e. 



Mouth moderately protractile ; palate toothltiss ; 



anal longer than soft dorsal ; body scaly . . 18. Lactariidce. 



Mouth moderately protractile ; palate tooth- 

 less ; anal mucli longer than soft dorsal ; 

 body naked 19. TiichodontidcB. 



ft Transverse processes developed on the third veiteLra 

 and bearing the rib ; palate usually toothless. 



No subocular shelf ; teeth small 22. rrid!pomafid(C\ 



A subocular shelf; teeth often either cutting 



in front or molar-like on the sides 23. Sparidce. 



A subocular shelf; teeth very small or absent; 



a pair of barbels on the throat 24. MidJldce. 



** Ventrals rather far behind the base of the pectorals ; 



lower pectoral rays unbranched, often thickened ; no 



subocular shelf. 

 Anal fin nearly as long as the soft dorsal .... 20. Lairididrp. 

 Anal tin much shorter than the soft dorsal .... 21. Hapludactylidfc. — 



/3. Gill-membranes attached to the isthmus. 

 * Scales well developed ; vertebrae 24 or more. 

 A subocular shelf ; mouth small ; palate 



toothless 27. Chcetodontida;. 



No subocular shelf ; mouth small ; palate 



toothless 28. Drepanidce. 



Subocular shelf more or loss developed ; a 



superbranchial respiratory organ 31. Osijhromejtidce. — 



** Scales minute ; mouth small ; vertebrae 22 or 23. 



Post-temporal not distinctly forked ; vertebrae 

 ■with strong transverse processes ; ventrals 

 with 1 spine and 2 to 5 soft rays 29. Ac(mthurid<e. 



Post-temporal forked ; vertebras without trans- 

 verse processes ; ventrals with 2 spines and 

 3 soft rays between them 30. Teuthidida. 



b. Lower pharyngeals completely united into one bone, without 

 median suture 32. Embiotocidcc. 



B. A single nostril on each side ; lower pharyngeal bones more or 

 less completely nulled, but with persistent suture ; no sub- 

 ocular shelf; palate toothless 33. Ckldidcc. 



II. Gills three and a half ; lower pharyngeals completely united into 

 one bone, without median suture ; palate toothless. 

 A single nostril on each side ; teeth conical or 



incisor-like ; a subocular shelf 34. Fomacodridce. 



Two nostrils on each side ; anterior teeth 



usually strong and canine-like ; teeth on 



pharyngeal bones conical or tubercular ; 



no subocular shelf S.j. Ldhrida;. 



Two nostrils on each side ; anterior teeth more 



or less coalesced into a beak ; teeth on 



pharyngeal bones, flat, tessellated; no >■ ' 



subocular shelf <^G. Scaridce. 



