Families of TeleosUan Fislics. 18o 



B. ^'e;]tl•al fins, if present, not widely separated ; one or several of 



the pterygials in contact witli the clavicle. 



Ventral fins distinct ; gill-clefts wide 5. Cottida. 



Ventral fins united into a sncl<ing-disk ; gill- 

 opening narrow, above base of pectoral .... 6. Cycloptendtp. 



C. Ventral fins widely separated; none of the pterygials in contact 



with the clavicle. 



Ventral fins behind base of pectorals ; praec.audal 



vertebrje without transverse processes 7. Flatycephalidcc. 



Ventral tins a little in front of base of pectorals ; 

 prascaudal vertebrae with transverse pro- 

 cesses 8. ILoplkldlnjuhc. 



II. Head completely cuirassed. 



Ventral fins narrowly separated ; no pectoral ap- 

 pendages ; pterygials short and broad 9. AfjonidiC. 



Ventral fins widely separated ; 2 or o lowermost 

 raj'S of pectoral tin detached as feelers ; 

 pterygials short and broad 10. Tri[ilid(C. 



Ventral tins narrowly separated; pectoral iin 



divided into two portions; pterygials eloii- Alfhi "^ 



gate '. 11. Dac'ylcpteridce. -^ /A ^ l 



Division VIII. Jugularks. 



No bony stay for the prteoperculum. Ventral fin.s jugulai" 

 or mental. Gill-openings in front of the pectoral fin, the 

 base of which is vertical or subvertical. 



In a recently published note * I have alluded to the group 

 of physoclistous fishes for which I propose to revive the 

 old name Jugulares, pointing out that some of the forms 

 previously grouped together as Trachinidaj agree with the 

 Gadidfo, not only in the jugular position of the ventral 

 fins, but also in the condition of the scapula and coracoid. 



j\Ir. liegan f has since been able to show that the Gadidaj 

 and Macruridse possess certain characters in common by which 

 they may be separated, not only from the other Jugulares, 

 but even from the Acanthopterygians, and, as mentioned 

 above (p. 176), the Miillcrian suborder Anacanthini may be 

 maintained, after excluding the Pleuronectidaj. That the 

 Blenniidse are akin to Lycodes and allies has long been 

 admitted, and authors who have placed (hem in different 

 divisions of their systems have had to confess the difficulty 

 of referring certain genera to the one family rather than fo 

 the other. The fact that Z?/coJes and many forms previously 

 associated witii the Ophidiidie agree with the Macrurid;e and 

 Gadidae in the diphyccrcal vertebral column, and in tho 



* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) viii. 1001, p. i^Gl. 

 t Op. cit. xi, 1!J0:J, p. -1-3! ». 



