390 STUDIES, SCIENTIFIC AND SOCIAL chap. 



elevation and happiness of a whole people, and thus 

 proving that peace may have its victories far greater and 

 more glorious than those of war ! 



(3-4) The two last questions — as to the solution of the 

 problems of war and militarism, and the means of 

 arriving as rapidly as possible at such a solution — have 

 ah'eady been partly answered in the preceding dis- 

 cussion of the problem itself, but a few words may here 

 be added. 



It is, I think, clear that no hope of a complete 

 solution, hardly even of amelioration — is to be expected 

 from the ruling classes, urged on as they are on the 

 one hand by those who are ever seeking for place and 

 power or for official appointments in newly-acquired 

 territories, and on the other hand by the military 

 classes, who ever seek to justify their existence and 

 the enormous burden they are to the nation by obtaining 

 for it extensions of territory or military glory, and with 

 either of these an extension of their own influence. It is, 

 therefore, the people, and the people alone, that must be 

 relied upon to banish militarism and war, and for this 

 end every possible effort must be made to educate and 

 enlighten them, not only as to the horrors and iniquity 

 of war, but as to the utter inadequacy and worthlessness 

 of almost all the causes for which wars are waged. They 

 must be shown that all modern wars are dynastic; that 

 they are caused by the ambition, the interests, the 

 jealousies, and the insatiable greed of power of their 

 rulers, or of the wealthy mercantile and financial classes 

 which have the greatest influence over their rulers ; and 

 that the results of war are never good for the people who 

 yet bear all its burthens. 



In the course of this education of the people there are 

 certain points that should be specially advocated. For 

 example, nothing is more mconsistent, more foolish, and 

 more wicked than the universal practice of civilized and 

 Christian nations in selling all the most improved 

 weapons and instruments of destruction to semi-civilized, 

 barbarous, or savage rulers, thereby rendering it more 

 difficult — more costly in blood and treasure — to deal with 



