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wounded, micturate as they walk, also squat for the 

 purpose like a pup, and then scratch like a dog with all 

 four feet, scattering the snow behind them. A mother 

 will, however, defend her cubs with much fierceness if 

 she cannot escape with them. Cubs which we captured 

 showed persistent savageness and untameableness, being ever 

 ready to bite and claw. When attacked the bear hisses, and 

 when wounded loudly grunts or roars, but on nearly all other 

 occasions the bear is a silent beast. On one occasion a bear 

 took the remains of a walrus we had killed, and although he 

 had gorged himself, refused to allow some ivory gulls to 

 share his feast, always running at them and driving them 

 away with hisses. On another occasion a she-bear seemed 

 to roar encouragement to her cub when she saw it in 

 imminent danger. They claw wood and other objects like 

 cats do. 



The only food I ever found in a bear's stomach was seal, 

 though it is said to eat fish, white whales, and porpoises. I 

 have examined perhaps as many bear stomachs as anybody, 

 and the only animal food ever found in them was seal. 

 When a bear catches a seal, he often eats the whole at one 

 meal, bones, skin, hair, claws, teeth, everything. Young seals 

 seem to be principally the food obtained, probably because 

 more easily caught than old seals, for I have always found 

 their ununited articular or immature bones, viz. : epiphyseal 

 ends, and with detached shafts of bones and milk teeth in 

 stomachs examined. The following is a list of stomach and 

 intestinal contents that I have found : — 



Seal remains were found in 

 Grass, seaweed, etc., 

 Grass and seal remains, . 

 Paper, . 



Manilla rope yarn, 

 Hard lump of woven texture, 

 Horse dung and Macintosh sheeting, 

 Canvas, .... 

 Basaltic pebbles and chyme-like fluid, 

 Bear blubber (stolen from a cask near house), 

 Nothing in others examined. 



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